Respiratory

Question 1

PEF asthma severity scale

Answer 1

Moderate: 50-75% best or predicted
Severe: 33-50% best or predicted
Life threatening: <33%

Question 2

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) Pathophysiology and RF’s

Answer 2

OSA is a collapse of the pharyngeal airway causing apnoeic episodes during sleep, where a person stops breathing for up to a few minutes.

RF’s
Middle aged 
Male 
Obese 
Ethanol 
Smoking

Question 3

OSA presentation

Answer 3

Usually noticed first by partner 
Snoring 
Morning headache 
Daytime sleepiness 
Difficulty concentrating 
Reduced oxygen saturation’s at night 

Severe cases can cause 
Hypertension 
HF
Myocardial infarction 
Stroke

Question 4

OSA management

Answer 4

ENT/Sleep clinic referral
Correct reversible risk factors e.g weight loss
CPAP

Question 5

Pneumothorax pathophysiology and RF’s

Answer 5

Pneumothorax is when air enters the pleural cavity space it can happen spontaneously or secondary to trauma, Laterogenic and infection.

Spontaneous usually happens in Young males who are tall and slim who experience a sudden onset of SOB and pleuritic chest pain.

Question 6

Tension pneumothorax

Answer 6

Tension pneumothorax is where air enters the pleural space but is not able to exit.

Question 7

Spontaneous pneumothorax diagnosis

Answer 7

Erect C-Xray

<2cm and no SOB watch and wait
>2cm and SOB aspirate if aspiration does not work chest drain

Question 8

Tension pneumothorax presentation

Answer 8

Tracheal deviation 
Reduced air entry 
Hyper resonant 
Haemodynamic instability 
Hypertension 
SOB 
Reduced sats

Question 9

Tension pneumothorax management

Answer 9

Emergency management: insert large bore cannula into the 2nd intercostal space in the mid clavicular line.

Chest drain triangle of safety
5th intercostal space
Mid-axillary line
Anterior axillary line