Oncology Flashcards
Lymphoma pathophysiology and RF’s
Lymphomas are a group of cancers that affect the lymphocytes in the lymphatic system causing lymphadenopathy. Two main types Hodgkins and Non-Hodgkins (all other types).
RF’s HIV EBV RA Sarcoidosis Family history
Hodgkin lymphoma
Most common Lymphoma 1 in 5 are Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Caused by proliferation of lymphocytes. Peak ages are 20 and 75
Lymphoma presentation and investigations
Lymphadenopathy Non-tender and rubbery Pain in nodes when drinks alcohol Fever Weight loss Night sweats
Investigations:
Lactate dehydrogenase (not specific)
Lymph node biopsy Which will show Reed stern berg cells
Lymphoma treatment
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy with the aim to cure. However, risk of relapse, other haematology cancers and side effects.
Chemotherapy: increases risk of leukaemia and infertility
Radiotherapy: can cause cancer, damage to local tissues and hypothyroidism.
Most common form of testicular tumour in children under 4
York cell tumour
Most common forms of carcinoma that cause post menopausal bleeding
Endometrial and cervical
Leg ulcers that can transform into squamous cell carcinomas are referred to as?
Marjolin’s ulcer
