Respiratory

Question 1

if you have a baby with choanal atresia, what else should you look for?

Answer 1

CHARGE syndrome (coloboma, heart defects, atresia chonanae, retarded growth and development, GU abnormalities, ear anomalies/deafness)

Question 2

what are glottic webs associated wtih?

Answer 2

21q11 deletion

Question 3

what are pulmonary sequestratrions made of?

Answer 3

areas of abnormal, nonfunctioning lung tissue that are cystic and embryonic (can’t see on bronch, need to do CT)

Question 4

what symptoms may someone with pulmonary AV fistulas present with?

Answer 4

dyspnea, decreased exercise tolerance, hemoptysis, brain abcesses (blood goes straight to left atrium)

Question 5

unilateral smelly nasal drainage?

Answer 5

foreign body

Question 6

what two things should you think about with nasal polyps?

Answer 6

CF and aspirin triad (aspirin sensitivity, asthma, nasal polyps) – tx with nasal steroids

Question 7

what is potts puffy tumor?

Answer 7

when abscess/osteo occurs over frontal sinus

Question 8

what are the criteria for tonsillectomy?

Answer 8

recurrent strep (7 in past year, 5 in each of last 2 years, 3 in each of past 3 years); marked hypertrophy, exclude tumor, sleep apnea

Question 9

criteria for adenoidectomy?

Answer 9

repeated/chronic otitis media, hyponasal speech, adenoid facies, recurrent nasopharyngitis, persistent mouth breathing

Question 10

what is common bacteria for bacterial tracheitis?

Answer 10

staph aureus

Question 11

what is the treatment for acute histoplasmosis?

Answer 11

nothing (itraconazole if chronic)

Question 12

treatment for coccidioidomycosis?

Answer 12

nothing (fluc or ampho if cavities enlarge or hemoptysis occurs)

Question 13

how do you treat ABPA?

Answer 13

steroids

Question 14

what are some extrapulmonary manifestations of mycoplasma?

Answer 14

hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly, erythema multiforme, SJS, arthritis, myringitis bullosa, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, neurologic changes (confusion) — diagnosis with IgM

Question 15

what virus and what population is associated with bronchiolitis obliterans?

Answer 15

adenovirus and Native Americans

Question 16

how does kartageners present?

Answer 16

sinusitis, bronchiectasis, situs inversus, and reduced male fertility

Question 17

can scleroderma cause pulmonary hypertesnion

Answer 17

yes, pulm hypertension out of proportion to the pulmonary disease

Question 18

what is involved with wegeners?

Answer 18

upper respiratory tract, paranasal sinuses, granulomatous pulmonary vasculitis, large cavitary nodules, necrotizing glomerulonephritis

Question 19

what test do you use for wegeners?

Answer 19

c-anca

Question 20

treatment for wegeners?

Answer 20

cyclophosphamide

Question 21

if a patient has pulmonary hemosiderosis and kidney disease, what should you think?

Answer 21

goodpasture (ANCA negative) (no upper airway involvement compared to wegners)

Question 22

what are microscopic findings with goodpasture?

Answer 22

linear disposition of igG and C3 on alveolar and glomerular basement membranes

Question 23

how do you treat goodpastures?

Answer 23

immunosuppressives and plasmsapheresis