Respiratory Flashcards
if you have a baby with choanal atresia, what else should you look for?
CHARGE syndrome (coloboma, heart defects, atresia chonanae, retarded growth and development, GU abnormalities, ear anomalies/deafness)
what are glottic webs associated wtih?
21q11 deletion
what are pulmonary sequestratrions made of?
areas of abnormal, nonfunctioning lung tissue that are cystic and embryonic (can’t see on bronch, need to do CT)
what symptoms may someone with pulmonary AV fistulas present with?
dyspnea, decreased exercise tolerance, hemoptysis, brain abcesses (blood goes straight to left atrium)
unilateral smelly nasal drainage?
foreign body
what two things should you think about with nasal polyps?
CF and aspirin triad (aspirin sensitivity, asthma, nasal polyps) – tx with nasal steroids
what is potts puffy tumor?
when abscess/osteo occurs over frontal sinus
what are the criteria for tonsillectomy?
recurrent strep (7 in past year, 5 in each of last 2 years, 3 in each of past 3 years); marked hypertrophy, exclude tumor, sleep apnea
criteria for adenoidectomy?
repeated/chronic otitis media, hyponasal speech, adenoid facies, recurrent nasopharyngitis, persistent mouth breathing
what is common bacteria for bacterial tracheitis?
staph aureus
what is the treatment for acute histoplasmosis?
nothing (itraconazole if chronic)
treatment for coccidioidomycosis?
nothing (fluc or ampho if cavities enlarge or hemoptysis occurs)
how do you treat ABPA?
steroids
what are some extrapulmonary manifestations of mycoplasma?
hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly, erythema multiforme, SJS, arthritis, myringitis bullosa, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, neurologic changes (confusion) — diagnosis with IgM
what virus and what population is associated with bronchiolitis obliterans?
adenovirus and Native Americans
how does kartageners present?
sinusitis, bronchiectasis, situs inversus, and reduced male fertility
can scleroderma cause pulmonary hypertesnion
yes, pulm hypertension out of proportion to the pulmonary disease
what is involved with wegeners?
upper respiratory tract, paranasal sinuses, granulomatous pulmonary vasculitis, large cavitary nodules, necrotizing glomerulonephritis
what test do you use for wegeners?
c-anca
treatment for wegeners?
cyclophosphamide
if a patient has pulmonary hemosiderosis and kidney disease, what should you think?
goodpasture (ANCA negative) (no upper airway involvement compared to wegners)
what are microscopic findings with goodpasture?
linear disposition of igG and C3 on alveolar and glomerular basement membranes
how do you treat goodpastures?
immunosuppressives and plasmsapheresis
