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Board Review > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

what lab finding on maternal screen may be present if you are suspecting anecephaly?

A

elevated AFP (since it is a neural tube defect just like myelo)

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2
Q

what cranial nerve palsies are most common with hydrocephalus?

A

3 and 6

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3
Q

what is the most common organism for shunt infection>

A

s. epi (tx with vanc)

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4
Q

what are some symptoms of a chiari type 1 malformation?

A

dysphagia, vertigo, sleep apnea, ataxia, headache, neck pain (can also develop other spinal cord dysfunction - weakness, spasticity, sensory loss)

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5
Q

what is the klippel-feil triad?

A

short neck, limited neck motion, low occipital hairline

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6
Q

what is lissencephaly?

A

smooth brain (agyria) - will have FTT, microcephaly, developmental delay, seizures

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7
Q

what is schizencephaly?

A

unilateral or bilateral clefts within cerebral hemispeheres

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8
Q

what is porencephaly?

A

cysts or cavities in the brain (may development defect of acquired after a stroke)

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9
Q

what maternal illicit drug is associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum?

A

cocaine

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10
Q

how can agenesis of the corpus callosum be inherited?

A

AD or x-linked

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11
Q

how does spastic CP present?

A

with upper motor neuron signs - weakness, hypertonicity, contractures, hyperreflexia, can have abnormal reflexes (extensor plantar response/Babinksi)

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12
Q

what is moyamoya disease?

A

chronic, occlusive, cerebrovascular disease associated wtih sickle-cell disease (and NF1, tri21); “puff of smoke”; collateral vessels around circle of Willis

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13
Q

what type of strokes are associated with chickenpox?

A

basal gangila or internal capsule

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14
Q

where is the location of most neonatal strokes?

A

LCA - embolic

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15
Q

what disorders are saccular aneurysms associated with

A

coarctation of the aorta, polycystic kidneys, ehlers-danlos, marfan

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16
Q

which type of hematoma has a lucid period?

A

epidural

17
Q

what anti-eplieptic works for myotonic seizures?

A

valproate

18
Q

what type of epilepsy is characterized by: morning myoclonic jerks, onset b/w age 8-20, tonic-clonic seizures occuring during sleep

A

juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (tx with valproate)

19
Q

what is the EEG finding in absence seizures?

A

3/sec generalized spike and wave discharge

20
Q

how do you treat absence seizures?

A

ethosuximide, lamotrigine, valproate

21
Q

what is the difference between simple and complex partial seizures?

A

in simple the patients can still interact (no loss of consciousness)

22
Q

what area of the brain do most complex partial seizures occur?

A

temporal lobe

23
Q

at what age do infantile spasms usually occur?

A

4-8 months

24
Q

how do infantile spasms present?

A

flexion of head and trunk with adduction and flexion of arms

25
Q

what is hypsarrhythmia?

A

high-voltage, irregular, slow waves that occur out of synch and randomly all over, intermixed with spikes

26
Q

what are some possible treatements for infantile spams?

A

ACTH, vigabatrin

27
Q

what syndrome has EEG findings of generalized, bilateral, synchronous, sharp-wave and slow-wave complexes, occuring in repetitive fashion in long runs of 2/second

A

lennox gastaut - kids usually have at least 2 different types of seizures

28
Q

what are laughing seizures associated with?

A

hypothalalmic hamartomas

29
Q

side effects of valproate?

A

liver toxicity, weight gain, thrombocytopenia, pancreatitis

30
Q

side effects of carbamazepine?

A

leukopenia, liver toxicity (do not use with erythromycin!)

31
Q

side effects of phenytoin?

A

gum hypertrophy, stevens johnson,

32
Q

how do basilar migraines present?

A

adolescent girls, vertigo, syncope, dysarthria

33
Q

how does type 1 SMA present?

A

under 6 months, hypotonia, weakness, difficulty feeding, tongue fasiculations

34
Q

how do you test for myasthenia gravis?

A

tensilon test (edrophonium/ach-ase) or neostigmine and look for improvement

35
Q

are DTRs present in GBS?

A

no (neither is babinski sign)

36
Q

what are some common infections that case GBS?

A

campylobacter, mycoplasma, EBV

37
Q

how can you differentiate GBS from transverse myelitis?

A

GBS will not have sensory involvement

38
Q

how does acute cerebellar ataxia present?

A

age 2-6, previous GI or URI illness, tremor, ataxia, horizontal nystagmus, irritability

Board Review (11 decks)

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