Respiratory 1 Flashcards
Which species have INTER-LOBULATED SEPTA lungs?
Cattle, Sheep, Pigs
Which species have NON-SEPTATED lungs?
Dogs, Cats, Rodents, Man
Which species have PARTIAL SEPTATION in their lungs?
Horses
Why are infarcts more common in the kidneys than in the lungs?
Lungs have DUAL BLOOD SUPPLY and kidneys do not.
What are the 4 primary Lung Defense Mechanisms?
- Particle Deposition
- Mucociliary Escalator
- Alveolar Macrophages
- Inflammation and Pulmonary Immune Response
Where are particles > 10µm deposited in the airway?
Structures of turbinates cause air turbulence –> promotes deposition of particles > 10µm in nasal passages –> sneezed out
Where are particles 2-10µm deposited in the airway?
Tracheal-bronchial bifurcations
Where are particles
Bronchiolar-alveolar duct junctions
How do engorged turbinate blood vessels aid in defense?
promote warming of air –> increased evaporation of resp. secretions –> inc. air moisture –> enhanced particle deposition
What is the main defensive mechanism of nasal passages, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles to terminal bronchioles?
Mucociliary escalator
What is the turnover rate of alveolar macrophages?
1-5 million/hour exit the lung
What is the “front-line” of defense against inhaled microorganisms and particulate matter?
Alveolar Macrophages
Do birds have alveolar macrophages?
Nope
What the CONGENITAL ANOMALIES of the nasal cavity?
Choanal atresia
Palatoschisis (cleft palate)
Causes of palatoschisis?
genetic
viral: BVDV
toxic: Vit A toxicosis, Lupine (plant)
