Ophthamology

Question 1

Anophthalmia

Answer 1

no development of the optic vesicle
usually bilateral
uncommon

Question 2

Microphthalmia

Answer 2

Miniature globe in normal sized orbit

involution following injury to the globe (in utero trauma, ischemic injury, infection)

Question 3

Cyclopia

Answer 3

cyclops eye –> SINGLE globe

happens when Ewe ingests VERATRUM CALIFORNICUM on Day 14 of gestation specifically.

Question 4

Synophthalmia

Answer 4

Duplication of intraocular structures – one eye globe with multiple duplicates of parts inside
also from Ewe eating VERATRUM CALIFORNICAUM on day 14 of pregnancy

Question 5

Coloboma

Answer 5

OUTPOUCHING of the retina – defect resulting in incomplete closure of the optic fissure (during development)

Question 6

Entropion and a consequence

Answer 6

INWARD rolling of eyelid margin due to INADEQUATE LENGTH;
Corneal Irritation
Ulceration

Question 7

Ectropion and a consequence

Answer 7

OUTWARD rolling of the eyelid margin due to EXCESS LENGTH;
Chronic exposure keratitis
Conjunctivitis

Question 8

Distichiasis

Answer 8

eyelash comes out of Meibomian gland
Causes:
Corneal Ulceration
Conjunctival irritation

Question 9

Trichiasis

Answer 9

Eye hair pointing IN toward cornea

Corneal and Conjunctival Irritation

Question 10

Chalazion

Answer 10

RUPTURE of the Meibomian Gland leads to Granulomatous Inflammation due to gland secretions

Question 11

Chemosis

Answer 11

swelling of the conjunctiva

Question 12

Dermoid

Answer 12

Presence of haired skin in the corneal epithelium

Question 13

corneal response to injury: adaptive cutaneous metaplasia

Answer 13

response to persistent mild irritation;

keratinization, epithelial hyperplasia, neovascularization

Question 14

corneal response to injury: epithelial/stromal necrosis

Answer 14

response to more severe injury - ulceration of epithelial layer;
caused by: mechanical injury, desiccation, chemicals, infection
CORNEAL EDEMA

Question 15

keratomalacia

Answer 15

softening of the cornea – result of infected corneal ulcer

Question 16

Descemetocele

Answer 16

deep central corneal ulcer that has reached the Descement’s Membrane
- can rupture leading to perforating ulcer

Question 17

corneal response to injury: wound healing and repair

Answer 17

Attenuation: Sliding cells of the epithelium cover the defect; once covered, mitosis begins;
Repaired stroma/collagen typically not transparent = loss of vision to extent of damage

Question 18

What is Collie Eye Anomaly?

Answer 18

heritable disease of Collies:: multiple things together:

1. Choroid hyperplasia and hypopigmentation
2. Posterior coloboma
3. Retinal detachment
4. Microphthalmia

Question 19

Hypopyon

Answer 19

PUS in the ANTERIOR CHAMBER

Question 20

Anterior Uveitis (iridocyclitis)

Answer 20

inflammation of the IRIS and CILIARY BODY

Question 21

Posterior uveitis

Answer 21

inflammation of the CHOROID

Question 22

Panuveitis

Answer 22

inflammation of all three components of the UVEA (Ciliary Body, Choroid and Iris

Question 23

Endophthalmitis

Answer 23

inflammation of the UVEA, RETINA, and OCULAR CAVITIES (anterior/posterior chamber, vitreous)

Question 24

Panophthalmitis

Answer 24

inflammation of the ENTIRE GLOBE, including cornea and sclera

Question 25

Lens Luxation

Answer 25

complete DISLOCATION of the lens. | Can be Primary (congenital, spontaneous, no known trauma) or Secondary (Blunt trauma, Glaucoma)

Question 26

Cataract

Answer 26

lenticular opacity (opaque lens)

Question 27

Diabetic Cataract

Answer 27

Bilateral in 70% of diabetic dogs::: Inc. Glucose (diabetic) --> shunts sorbitol synthesis in eye --> osmosis attracts water --> swelling and degeneration of lens --> CATARACT

Question 28

Phagolytic uveitis

Answer 28

Lens ruptures and LEAKS (small amount) highly antigenic Lens Epithelium cells --> inflammation

Question 29

Phagoclastic uveitis

Answer 29

lens ruptures and BREAKS OPEN (large amount) highly antigenic LE cells --> severe inflammation

Question 30

Lenticular sclerosis

Answer 30

compression of lens fibers over time: - as animals age the LE continue to divide and multiply and move inward as they age - eventual compression of fibers leads to cataract formation

Question 31

Goniodysgensis

Answer 31

aka Primary Glaucoma; OPEN-ANGLE Glaucoma incomplete atrophy of ciliary cleft

Question 32

Glaucoma

Answer 32

sustained increased intra-ocular pressure average age: 5-6 years old NO PRIMARY LESION - angle open but still increased intra-ocular pressure

Question 33

Primary Gluacoma

Answer 33

Goniodysgensis

Question 34

Secondary glaucoma

Answer 34

Pupillary block - obstruction of aqueous through pupil (anterior lens luxation, Lens capsule rupture) Trabecular occlusion - neoplasia, pre-iridial fibrovascular membrane, mechanical compression)