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VMCVM Pathology 2 > Ophthamology > Flashcards

Ophthamology Flashcards

1
Q

Anophthalmia

A

no development of the optic vesicle
usually bilateral
uncommon

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2
Q

Microphthalmia

A

Miniature globe in normal sized orbit

involution following injury to the globe (in utero trauma, ischemic injury, infection)

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3
Q

Cyclopia

A

cyclops eye –> SINGLE globe

happens when Ewe ingests VERATRUM CALIFORNICUM on Day 14 of gestation specifically.

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4
Q

Synophthalmia

A

Duplication of intraocular structures – one eye globe with multiple duplicates of parts inside
also from Ewe eating VERATRUM CALIFORNICAUM on day 14 of pregnancy

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5
Q

Coloboma

A

OUTPOUCHING of the retina – defect resulting in incomplete closure of the optic fissure (during development)

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6
Q

Entropion and a consequence

A

INWARD rolling of eyelid margin due to INADEQUATE LENGTH;
Corneal Irritation
Ulceration

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7
Q

Ectropion and a consequence

A

OUTWARD rolling of the eyelid margin due to EXCESS LENGTH;
Chronic exposure keratitis
Conjunctivitis

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8
Q

Distichiasis

A

eyelash comes out of Meibomian gland
Causes:
Corneal Ulceration
Conjunctival irritation

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9
Q

Trichiasis

A

Eye hair pointing IN toward cornea

Corneal and Conjunctival Irritation

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10
Q

Chalazion

A

RUPTURE of the Meibomian Gland leads to Granulomatous Inflammation due to gland secretions

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11
Q

Chemosis

A

swelling of the conjunctiva

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12
Q

Dermoid

A

Presence of haired skin in the corneal epithelium

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13
Q

corneal response to injury: adaptive cutaneous metaplasia

A

response to persistent mild irritation;

keratinization, epithelial hyperplasia, neovascularization

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14
Q

corneal response to injury: epithelial/stromal necrosis

A

response to more severe injury - ulceration of epithelial layer;
caused by: mechanical injury, desiccation, chemicals, infection
CORNEAL EDEMA

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15
Q

keratomalacia

A

softening of the cornea – result of infected corneal ulcer

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16
Q

Descemetocele

A

deep central corneal ulcer that has reached the Descement’s Membrane
- can rupture leading to perforating ulcer

17
Q

corneal response to injury: wound healing and repair

A

Attenuation: Sliding cells of the epithelium cover the defect; once covered, mitosis begins;
Repaired stroma/collagen typically not transparent = loss of vision to extent of damage

18
Q

What is Collie Eye Anomaly?

A

heritable disease of Collies:: multiple things together:

  1. Choroid hyperplasia and hypopigmentation
  2. Posterior coloboma
  3. Retinal detachment
  4. Microphthalmia
19
Q

Hypopyon

A

PUS in the ANTERIOR CHAMBER

20
Q

Anterior Uveitis (iridocyclitis)

A

inflammation of the IRIS and CILIARY BODY

21
Q

Posterior uveitis

A

inflammation of the CHOROID

22
Q

Panuveitis

A

inflammation of all three components of the UVEA (Ciliary Body, Choroid and Iris

23
Q

Endophthalmitis

A

inflammation of the UVEA, RETINA, and OCULAR CAVITIES (anterior/posterior chamber, vitreous)

24
Q

Panophthalmitis

A

inflammation of the ENTIRE GLOBE, including cornea and sclera

25
Q

Lens Luxation

A

complete DISLOCATION of the lens.

Can be Primary (congenital, spontaneous, no known trauma) or Secondary (Blunt trauma, Glaucoma)

26
Q

Cataract

A

lenticular opacity (opaque lens)

27
Q

Diabetic Cataract

A

Bilateral in 70% of diabetic dogs::: Inc. Glucose (diabetic) –> shunts sorbitol synthesis in eye –> osmosis attracts water –> swelling and degeneration of lens –> CATARACT

28
Q

Phagolytic uveitis

A

Lens ruptures and LEAKS (small amount) highly antigenic Lens Epithelium cells –> inflammation

29
Q

Phagoclastic uveitis

A

lens ruptures and BREAKS OPEN (large amount) highly antigenic LE cells –> severe inflammation

30
Q

Lenticular sclerosis

A

compression of lens fibers over time:

  • as animals age the LE continue to divide and multiply and move inward as they age
  • eventual compression of fibers leads to cataract formation
31
Q

Goniodysgensis

A

aka Primary Glaucoma;
OPEN-ANGLE Glaucoma
incomplete atrophy of ciliary cleft

32
Q

Glaucoma

A

sustained increased intra-ocular pressure
average age: 5-6 years old
NO PRIMARY LESION - angle open but still increased intra-ocular pressure

33
Q

Primary Gluacoma

A

Goniodysgensis

34
Q

Secondary glaucoma

A

Pupillary block - obstruction of aqueous through pupil (anterior lens luxation, Lens capsule rupture)
Trabecular occlusion - neoplasia, pre-iridial fibrovascular membrane, mechanical compression)

VMCVM Pathology 2 (5 decks)

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