respiratory 1-4 Flashcards
What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?
Hint - NNPP; all different including posh way of saying nostrils
- nose
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
- paranasal sinuses
What does the lower respiratory tract consist of?
- larynx (voice box)
- trachea
- bronchi
What are the following composed of: a) septal cartilage? (Hint - glass) b) greater alar cartilage? (Hint - not as thick)
a) hyaline cartilage
b) thin, flexible plate
Which 2 components make up the nose?
- the external nose
- the internal nasal cavity
What can be found in the internal nasal cavity?
Hint - VIPEr
- external nares (nostrils)
- vestibule (anterior part of nasal cavity)
- internal nares (choanae)
- posterior region of nasal cavity
What is the nasal septum?
- divides L & R nasal cavity
What is the anterior portion of the nasal septum made of?
hyaline cartilage
What is the posterior portion of the nasal septum made of?
Hint - two bones
fusion of vomer and ethmoid bone
What is the nasal cavity floor made of?
made of hard palate
Which structure does the nasal cavity floor form?
Hint - trace down from that area
forms roof of mouth
Where can the 3 conchae and meatuses be found?
lateral wall of nasal cavity
What is a concha?
Hint - O
openings of nasal cavity
What is a meatus?
passageways betw/ conchea
Where can the openings of paranasal sinuses be found?
Hint - M+S
within superior & median meatuses
Where can the openings of the nasolacrimal duct be found?
Hint - naslacrImal duct
within inferior meatus
Which epithelia and cells line the: a) vestibule (Hint - quite far in, no hairs, lots of layers) b) posterior nasal cavity (Hint - the full shebang + balgam) c) superior nasal cavity (Hint - for smelling)
a) stratified squamous epithelium
b) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and goblet cells
c) olfactory epithelium
What is the pharynx?
Hint - a place where two systems meet
chamber shared by digestive and respiratory tracts
What are the 3 regions of the pharynx going downwards?
Hint - Nas-Oro-La
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
What can be found in the nasopharynx?
hint - ears and a mass of lymphoid tissue
- eustachian tube openings
- pharyngeal tonsils (posterior)
What is the oropharynx the junction between?
Hint - two systems again
GI and respiratory tract
Where does the oropharynx run and what can be found within it?
(hint - flap to voicebox; epithelia and remaining PL tonsils)
- uvula to epiglottis
- stratified squamous epithelium
- two sets of tonsils: palatine and lingual
Which region is classed as the laryngopharynx?
hint - EOL
epiglottis to openings of oesophagus and larynx
What are the 3 unpaired cartilages of the larynx?
Hint - thy-epi-cri
- thyroid (largest, superiorly-positioned, forms laryngeal prominence/adam’s apple)
- epiglottis (elastic and forms free flap)
- cricoid (forms base of larynx)
What are the 3 paired cartilages of the larynx?
Hint - ary-cor-cune
- arytenoid
- corniculate
- cuneiform