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CRR > cv glossary > Flashcards

cv glossary Flashcards

1
Q

cardiology

A

branch of medicine that deals with diseases and abnormalities of the heart

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2
Q

mediastinum

A

the region between the two pleural cavities which contains the great vessels, largest veins and arteries , thymus, oesophagus and trachea

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3
Q

ventricles

A

muscular chambers of the heart that eject blood

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4
Q

atria

A

collecting chambers of the heart that contract to fill the ventricles

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5
Q

auricle

A

the visible part of the ear that resides outside head

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6
Q

trabeculae carneae

A

irregular muscular columns which project from inner surface of L + R ventricles of the heart

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7
Q

pericardium

A

membrane surrounding and protecting heart

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8
Q

epicardium

A

external visceral layer of serous (lubricating) pericardium

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9
Q

endocardium

A

innermost layer of pericardium

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10
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer of pericardium

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11
Q

coronary sulcus

A

(aka AV groove) separates atria of the heart from the ventricles

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12
Q

interatrial septum

A

wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria of the heart

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13
Q

fossa ovalis

A

a depression in the right atrium of the heart, at the level of the interatrial septum

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14
Q

right atrium

A

right superior collecting chamber of heart that contracts to fill ventricles

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15
Q

tricuspid valve

A

valve on located on the right side of the right atrium made of 3 cusps that regulates blood flow through the heart

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16
Q

right ventricle

A

right inferior muscular chamber of the heart that ejects blood

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17
Q

semilunar valves

A

valves in heart with half-moon shape at bases of aorta and pulmonary artery consisting of 3 cusps which prevent backflow of blood

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18
Q

aortic valve

A

semilunar valve between left ventricle and aorta in the heart

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19
Q

pulmonary valves

A

semilunar valve on the left of the right atrium next to the pulmonary artery

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20
Q

chordae tendineae/tendinous chords

A

heartstrings that attach valves and papillary muscles of ventricles in place

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21
Q

papillary muscles

A

contract and relax to loosen/tighten chordae tendae

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22
Q

bicuspid (mitral) valve

A

an atrioventricular valve with 2 cusps found on the left side of the left ventricle in the heart

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23
Q

left ventricle

A

left inferior muscular chamber of the heart that ejects blood

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24
Q

septum

A

internal wall which separates the left heart (oxygenated blood) from the right heart

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25
Q

fibrous skeleton of heart

A

single structure of connective tissue that forms and anchors the valves of theheart and gives myocardium attachment

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26
Q

anastomoses

A

alternative routes for blood formed by branches of blood vessels meeting, should specific ones be blocked

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27
Q

tunica intima

A

innermostlayer of artery/vein

28
Q

tunica media

A

middle layer of artery/vein

29
Q

tunica externa

A

outermost layer of artery/vein

30
Q

internal elastic membrane

A

layer ofelastictissue that forms outermost part of the tunica intima and separates it from tunica media

31
Q

arteries

A

efferent/outwards vessels that carry blood away from heart

32
Q

arterioles

A

small branch of an artery leading into capillaries

33
Q

capillaries

A

smallest of body’s blood vessels found in most regions of body, one cell thick and thesites of transfer to tissues

34
Q

fenestrated capillary

A

capillaries containing ‘windows’/pores in walls due to incomplete/perforated endothelial lining

35
Q

venules

A

a very small vein that collects blood from capillaries

36
Q

veins

A

afferent/inwards vessels that return blood to heart

37
Q

cardiomyocyte

A

cardiac contractile/muscle cell

38
Q

intercalated discs

A

boundaries between cardiomyocytes formed by gap junctions, Z-lines bound to opposing plasma membranes and desmosomes

39
Q

desmosomes

A

hold fibres together

40
Q

gap junctions

A

pores that allow action potnetial conduction from one fibre to next

41
Q

sarcolemma

A

the tubular sheath which envelops the fibres of skeletal muscles

42
Q

sarcomere

A

basic unit of striated muscle tissue

43
Q

thin (actin) filaments

A

two long chains of actinmolecules twisted around one anotherseen in muscle tissue

44
Q

thick (myosin) filaments

A

consist primarily of many molecules of the protein myosin

45
Q

Z-discs/lines

A

microfilaments which are attached to thin filaments of the contractile machinery

46
Q

End-diastolic volume

A

maximum volume of blood each ventricle contains when at end of atrial systole

47
Q

tropomyosin

A

rod-shaped molecule that binds via troponin molecule to groove of actin helix, where it masks myosin binding sites

48
Q

troponin

A

a complex of 3 polypeptides → troponin T, I and C

49
Q

cardiodynamics

A

movements and forces generated during cardiac contraction

50
Q

end-diastolic volume (EDV)

A

volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole (start of ventricular systole)

51
Q

end-systolic volume (ESV)

A

volume of blood remaining in each ventricle at end of ventricular systole

52
Q

stroke volume (SV)

A

amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle during a single heart beat

53
Q

ejection fraction

A

percentage of EDV represented by the SV

54
Q

cardiac output (CO)

A

volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute (L min-1)

55
Q

angina

A
  • chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to heart muscles

- not life-threatening, but a sign of the risk of a heart attack/stroke

56
Q

aortic dissection (AD)

A
  • injury to the innermost layer of aorta
  • allowing blood to flow between layers of aorticwall
  • forcing the layers apart
57
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

circulatory condition characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls

58
Q

atherosclerosis

A

degenerative disease of arteries characterized by patchy thickening of inner lining of arterial walls, caused by deposits of fatty material (form of arteriosclerosis)

59
Q

atheroma

A

deposit or degenerative accumulation of lipid-containing plaques on innermost layer of artery wall

60
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

atherosclerosis of coronary arteries

61
Q

ischaemic heart disease (IHD)

A

diseases of heart caused by atherosclerotic disease of coronary arteries (commonly angina or an MI)

62
Q

ischaemia

A

a decrease in blood supply to bodily organ, tissue, or part caused by constriction/obstruction of blood vessels

63
Q

infarct

A
  • area of tissue which undergoes necrosis

- due to obstruction of local blood supply, by thrombus/embolus

64
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

medical emergency where blood supply to heart is suddenly blocked usually by a blood clot

65
Q

PE (pulmonary embolism)

A

blockage of an artery in lungs by material which has moved from elsewhere in body through bloodstream

66
Q

make sure you can label a heart

A

just look at a diagram of one

CRR (11 decks)

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