Respiration (not Everything) Flashcards
Internal respiration
Energy made available to cells (glycolysis and citric acid cycle)
External respiration
Delivery of oxygen to tissues and cells
Removal of CO2
Partial pressure
Pressure of single gas in a mixture
What are the physical factors that influence the rate of diffusion
Partial pressure gradient Diameter of the gas molecule Temperature Solubility of the gas in liquid Thickness of the gas exchange surface Surface are of the gas exchange surface
What environmental conditions affect O2 availability
Decreases with altitude
Air is a better respiratory medium than water
Turbulent water increases O2 availability
High temperatures reduce O2 solubility
What is the primary role of the respiratory system
To meet the metabolic demands of the organism
Give 4 examples of respiratory surfaces with an increased surface area
External gills
Internal gills
Lungs
Trachea
How do aquatic animals increase rate of respiration
Gills highly branches and evaginations
Maximises surface area
Thin tissue minimises diffusion path length
New medium constantly flows over surface
Grow do the lungs increase respiration
Invaginations = protection of respiratory surface
Increases internal surface area
Thin tissue minimises diffusion path length
Lungs are elastic = increased capacity
Tidal volume
Normal breathing
Vital capacity
Largest breath in and out
Inspiratory reserve volume/expiratory reserve volume
Difference between the total and vital capacity
What are the benefits of dead space
Warming/humidifying
Protection (mucus, cilia)
How is the avian system adapted
Reduced dead S peace = birds more efficient and can fly to high altitudes
Birds have additional air sacs = more uni directional air flow
Trachea short
