Respiration (not Everything) Flashcards

1
Q

Internal respiration

A

Energy made available to cells (glycolysis and citric acid cycle)

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2
Q

External respiration

A

Delivery of oxygen to tissues and cells

Removal of CO2

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3
Q

Partial pressure

A

Pressure of single gas in a mixture

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4
Q

What are the physical factors that influence the rate of diffusion

A
Partial pressure gradient
Diameter of the gas molecule 
Temperature
Solubility of the gas in liquid
Thickness of the gas exchange surface 
Surface are of the gas exchange surface
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5
Q

What environmental conditions affect O2 availability

A

Decreases with altitude
Air is a better respiratory medium than water
Turbulent water increases O2 availability
High temperatures reduce O2 solubility

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6
Q

What is the primary role of the respiratory system

A

To meet the metabolic demands of the organism

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7
Q

Give 4 examples of respiratory surfaces with an increased surface area

A

External gills
Internal gills
Lungs
Trachea

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8
Q

How do aquatic animals increase rate of respiration

A

Gills highly branches and evaginations
Maximises surface area
Thin tissue minimises diffusion path length
New medium constantly flows over surface

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9
Q

Grow do the lungs increase respiration

A

Invaginations = protection of respiratory surface
Increases internal surface area
Thin tissue minimises diffusion path length
Lungs are elastic = increased capacity

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10
Q

Tidal volume

A

Normal breathing

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11
Q

Vital capacity

A

Largest breath in and out

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12
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume/expiratory reserve volume

A

Difference between the total and vital capacity

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13
Q

What are the benefits of dead space

A

Warming/humidifying

Protection (mucus, cilia)

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14
Q

How is the avian system adapted

A

Reduced dead S peace = birds more efficient and can fly to high altitudes
Birds have additional air sacs = more uni directional air flow
Trachea short

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