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Respiratory System > Respiration: Lung volumes and Spirometry > Flashcards

Respiration: Lung volumes and Spirometry Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is eupnea
A

normal relaxed, quiet breathing

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2
Q

define apnea

A

temporary cessation of breathing (one or more skipped breaths)

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3
Q

define dyspnea

A

laboured, gasping breathing/shortness of breath

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4
Q

define hypernea

A

increased rate and depth of breathing in response to exercise, pain or other conditions

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5
Q

define Hyperventilation

A

increased pulmonary ventilation

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6
Q

define hypoventilation

A

reduced pulmonary ventilation

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7
Q

define orthopnea

A

Dyspnea when a person is lying down

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8
Q

define Respiratory Arrest

A

permanent cessation of breathing

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9
Q

define Tachypnea

A

accelerated respiration

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10
Q
  1. What type of lung volumes can be divided into specific volumes and capacities?
A

static lung volumes

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11
Q
  1. Define capacity
A

the sum of various volumes

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12
Q
  1. What method is used to record volumes breathed in and out and the flow rate of air movement?
A

spirometry

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13
Q
  1. How can time-volume changes be provided and how are they displayed?
A
  • provided by a spirometer
  • displayed as a spirogram
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14
Q
  1. How much of pulmonary air volumes exchanged are each of these type:
    - Tidal
    - Inspiratory reserve
    - Expiratory reserve
    - Residual
A

tidal: 500ml

inspiratory reserve: 3100ml

Expiratory reserve: 1200ml

Residual: 1200ml

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15
Q
  1. How much of the tidal volume actually reaches the alveoli and where does the remaining ml go?
A
  • 350ml of TV reaches
  • rest of 150ml remains in airways as anatomic dead space
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16
Q
  1. How much of the pulmonary lung capacities are each of these types:
  • Inspiratory
  • Functional residual
  • Vital
  • Total Lung
A

Inspiratory:
-3600ml

Functional Residual:
-2400ml

vital:
- 4800ml

Total Lung:
- 6000ml

17
Q
  1. What is forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)
A

the maximal volume of gas that can be expired from the lungs in the first second of a forced expiration from a position of full inspiration

18
Q
  1. What is forced vital capacity (FVC)
A

the maximal volume of gas that can be expired from the lungs during a forced and complete expiration from a position of full inspiration.

19
Q
  1. Define FEV1/FVC ratios
A

these can help characterise lung conditions as obstructive or restrictive

20
Q

what is a normal FEV1/FVC ratio?

A

A normal one is 80%:20%

21
Q
  1. Define Peak expiratory Flow (PEF)
A

maximal speed of airflow exhaled

22
Q
  1. What measurement is the most reproducible and helpful for diagnosing and monitoring patients with obstructive lung disorders?
A

FEV1

23
Q
  1. Give 5 influencial factors of respiratory values
A
  • Gender
  • Height
  • Age
  • Ethnicity
  • Disease
24
Q
  1. Outline 4 obstructive lung disease
A
  • Asthma
  • Bronchietasis
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
25
Q
  1. What are 2 types of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A
  • Emphysema
  • Chronic Bronchitis
26
Q
  1. Outline 4 restrictive lung disease
A

Fibrosis
Asbestosis
Silicosis
Pneumoconiosis

27
Q
  1. How is COPD characterised
A

airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible

28
Q
  1. Define Emphysema
A

destruction of the terminal bronchioles and distal airspaces

29
Q

Define Chronic Bronchitis

A

the presence of cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years

30
Q

what are typical patterns in Asthma and COPD which can be seen on a volume time graph?

A
  • FVC nearly normal
  • FEV1 markedly reduced
  • FEV1 / FVC ratio < 70%
31
Q
  1. What are typical patterns in pulmonary fibrosis which can be seen on a volume time graph?
A
  • Low FVC
  • Low FEV1 in proportion to FVC reduction
  • the FEV1/FVC ratio ≥ 70%
32
Q

What is a vitalograph?

A

an instrument that records the volumes expired during a single breath at vital capacity (max breath)

33
Q
  1. What do Peak flow meters record?
A

the maximal speed of air flow on exhalation in L/min

34
Q

What are advantages of peak flow meters

A
  • Quick to perform
  • Cheap
  • Readily available
  • Can be prescribed to patient for home use
35
Q
  1. What does asthma show?
A

shows diurnal variability

36
Q

what type of lung volume does a spirogram record?

A

static lung volumes

37
Q

what type of lung volume does FEV1/FVC record?

A

dynamic lung volumes

Respiratory System (11 decks)

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