initiation and control of breathing Flashcards
what initiates breathing?
Respiratory Centres
what are the 3 groups of neurones that send impulses to the respiratory muscles?
- Medullary rhythmicity area
- Pneumotaxic Centre
- Apneustic centres
what are inspiratory group nuclei predominantly called
Dorsal respiratory group
what is contained in the ventral respiratory group
both inspiratory and expiratory nuclei
when is the dorsal respiratory group used?
in basic breathing
when is the ventral respiratory group used
during forced breathing like exercise
what neurones are inhibited when you are inspiring
the expiratory neurones
what neurones are inhibited when you are expiring
the inspiratory neurones
where is medullary rhythmicity found
medulla oblongata
where is pneumotaxic centre and apneustic centres found?
in the Pons
what does the pneumotaxic centre do
helps smooth the inspiration and expiration cycle
at does the Apneustic centers do?
Modulates aspects of the breathing cycle (eg gasping)
what is 3 things is respiratory control needed for
- to maintain homeostasis
- to maximise mechanical efficiency
- to adapt to needs
outline the 4 stages of negative feedback to the central controllers in breathing and state the location of each stage
- Cortical control (cortex)
- brainstem control ( Pons and Medulla)
- ventilatory pump (respiratory muscles)
- Sensors ( Chemoreceptors and Mechanoreceptors)
outline the 4 stages of negative feedback to the central controllers in breathing and state the location of each stage
- Cortical control (cortex)
- brainstem control ( Pons and Medulla)
- ventilatory pump (respiratory muscles)
- Sensors ( Chemoreceptors and Mechanoreceptors)
what 2 things can alter basic respiratory rhythm
- higher centres
- Baroreceptors, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors etc