RESPIRATION IN PLANTS Flashcards
Process of Breathing is connected to the process of _________
Release of energy from food
Cellular Respiration
The breakdown of food materials inside the cell to release energy and using this energy for synthesis of ATP is called CR
The energy required for life processes is obtained from ___
Breaking down of macromolecules (food)
Respiration
Breaking of C-C bonds of complex compounds leading to release of considerable amount of energy is known as Respiration.
Respiratory Quotient.
Ratio of CO² evolved and 0² absorbed
RQ of Carbohydrates:
=1
RQ of Fats:
<1
RQ of Organic Acids:
> 1
RQ of Succulent Plants:
0
In aerobic respiration what site(s) are involved?
Mitochondria and Cytoplasm
In anaerobic respiration what site(s) are involved?
Cytoplasm
Tripalmitin RQ?
0.7
RQ of Proteins?
0.9
Atp utilization procedure.
Jab cell mai oxidation hota hai tab RS ki saari energy cell mai ek baar mai energy release nhi hoti atteast in muttiple steps (controlled by enzymes). Iske baad ye chemical energy ke form mai trap no jati hai ie. ATP
This ATP is then utilized only in times of need. otherwise it is stored.
Glycolysis scheme given by?
J.Parnas
Gustav Embden
Otto Meyerhoff
Plants can survive without respiratory organs?
- Less distance tb covered by gases.
- Photosynthesis, fulfill their needs.
- Do not impose high demands.
- Almost all cells in contact with air.
- Cells inside and beneath bark have openings called “lenticels”.
- Loose packing of parenchyma in L,R,S facilitates.
Sucrose => ?
Sucrose => end product of glucolysis.
Fructose + Glucose (enter glycolytic pathway)
Write products formed at every step of Glycolysis?
Glucose
Glucose 6 phosphate
Fructose 6 phosphate
Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate
Triose Phosphate (PGAL) (DHAP)
2 × Triose Bisphosphate
2 × Triose Phosphate
2 × 2-phosphoglycerate
2 × phosphoenolpyruvate
2 × pyruvic acid
Enzyme used in glycolysis?
Hexokinase
Hexoisomerase
Phosphofructokinase
Aldolase
Isomerase
Pgal dehydrogenase
Transphosphorylase
Phosphoglyceromutase
Enolase
Pyruvate kinase
ATP => ADP ?
Phosphorylation (2)
NAD+ => NADH+ + H+
Oxidative phosphorylation
ADP => ATP
Substrate level phosphorylation
H²O removal?
Dehydration
Procedures in glycolysis?
Phosphorylation
Isomerization
Phosphorylation
Cleavage
Isomerization
Oxidative phosphorylation
Substrate level phosphorylation
Mutation
Dehydration
Substrate level phosphorylation
Total gain from glycolysis ?
2NADH² + 4ATP + 2PA
Net gain from glycolysis ?
2NADH² + 2ATP + 2PA
Why respiratory pathway regarded as amphibolic pathway?
Substrate breakdown => catabolic
Substrate synthesis post breakdown => anabolic
Therefore, amphibolic.
Fat’s pathway to enter Kreb Cycle.
Fatty acids and glycerol
Or
Triose Phosphate
Pyruvic acid
Acetyl CoA
Carbohydrates’ pathway to enter Kreb Cycle.
Simple sugars (glucose)
Glucose 6 phosphate
Fructose 1,6 phosphate
Pgal
Pyruvic acid
Acetyl CoA
Protein’s pathway to enter Kreb Cycle.
Amino acids =>
PA, or
Acetyl CoA, or
Enters KC
Common intermediate in amphibolic pathway.
Acetyl CoA
Common pathway.
Kreb Cycle
Common pathway.
Kreb Cycle
Assumptions of Respiratory Balance Sheet? (4)
- There is a sequential orderly pathway functioning, 1 substrate forming next. Glycolydid TCA ETS occur one after the other.
- Only 1 glucose is being respired, no alternate substrates enter pathway.
- NADH synthesized in glycolysis transferred into Mt and undergoes OP.
- No intermediates in pathway utilized to synthesize another compound.
Fermentation ATP generation.
2 ATP
Aerobic Respiration ATP generation.
38 ATP
Complete breakdown of CO² AND H²O
Aerobic Respiration
Partial breakdown of glucose
Fermentation
NaDH => NAD+ Reaction speed in:
a) Fermentation
b) Aerobic Respiration
a) slow
b) vigorous
Net gain from Link Reaction:
2 NADH² + 2CO²
Net gain from Link Reaction:
2 NADH² + 2CO²
1 Kreb Cycle ATP production:
12
___ KC for 1 glucose
2
Metabolic pathway thru which electron passes from 1 carrier to another
ETS
e- carrier Proteins are arranged according to their
Redox potential scale
____ is the final e- acceptor
O²
Aerobic Respiration occurs in?
Mitochondria
Events of Aerobic Respiration?
- Complete oxidation of pyruvate by stepwise removal of H atoms, leaving 3 molecules of CO². (In Mt. Matrix)
- Passing on of e- removed as part of H+ atoms to molecular O² with simulations synthesis of ATP. ( inner mitochondrial matrix)
