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BIOLOGY > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > Flashcards

BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Earliest classification based on:

A

Human needs ( Food shelter clothes)

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2
Q

Cell wall of Monera

A

Polysaccharides and amino acids (non-cellulosic)

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3
Q

2 kingdom Classification by and on the basis of~

A

Linnaeus on the basis of Cw

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4
Q

Nuclear Membrane absent in only 1 kingdom?

A

Monera

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5
Q

Fungi Cell wall:

A

Chitin

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6
Q

3 kingdom Classification given by:

A

Ernst Haeckel

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7
Q

Order in which kingdoms were added:

A

Plantae and Animalia initially,
Protista Monera Fungi

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8
Q

Bacterias are sole members of:

A

Monera Kingdom

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9
Q

Oldest Moneras? Where are they found?

A

Archeabacteria.
Extreme habitats ( deep oceans, lava, deserts)

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10
Q

Criteria used by Whittaker for 5 KC:

A

Phylogeny
Reproduction
Cell structure
Body Organization
Nutrition

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11
Q

4 KC given by:

A

Copeland

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12
Q

Mode of Nutrition in Monera

A

Auto ( Photo and Chemo)
Hetero (Sapro and Para)

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13
Q

Mode of Nutrition in Protista:

A

Auto ( Photo)
Hetero

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14
Q

Mode of Nutrition in Fungi:

A

Hetero ( Sapro and Para)

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15
Q

Mode of Nutrition in Plantae:

A

Auto ( Photo)

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16
Q

Mode of Nutrition in Animalia:

A

Hetero ( sapro and holo)

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17
Q

Cell wall absent in:

A

Animalia

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18
Q

Drawbacks of 2 KC:

A

Did not differentiate b/w:

  1. Unicellular (chlamydomonas) and Multicellular (spirogyra)
  2. Prolaryotes and Eukaryotes
  3. Autotrophs (green plants) and Heterotrophs (fungi)
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19
Q

Who gave 6 KC:

A
  1. Carl Woose
  2. Divided kingdoms into 3 domains:
    a) Archae
    b) Bacteria
    c) Eukaryo
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20
Q

Which kingdom’s boundaries are not well defined:

A

Protista

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21
Q

Flagella present in which shape of Bacteria?

A

Spirilla

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22
Q

Structure simple Behaviour Complex?

A

Bacteria

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23
Q

5 types of Protistas:

A
  1. Chrysophytes
  2. Dinoflagellates
  3. Slime Moulds
  4. Euglenoids
  5. Protozoan
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24
Q

Shape of Bacteria that causes cholera?

A

Vibrio

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25
Q

Nucleus and mb organelles present in:

A

Protista

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26
Q

Protistas have flagella or cilia?

A

Yes both

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27
Q

3 types of Archeabacteria?

A
  1. Halogens => extreme salty areas
  2. Thermo-acidophiles => hot molten lava, hot sulphur springs
  3. Methanogens => Gut of Ruminant animals and Marshy areas
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28
Q

Cw of Eubacteria?

A

Rigid made of Peptidoglycan

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29
Q

Smallest Living Organism:

A

Mycoplasma

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30
Q

Forms algael bloom in polluted waters?

A

Bg algae/cyanobacteria

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31
Q

Can pass through bacteria proof filters?

A

Mycoplasma

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32
Q

Heterocyst perform?

A

No² Fixation by nitrogenase enzyme

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33
Q

How have Heterocysts specialized?

A

Cells perform Co² fixation. HC specialize by:
1. Being thick Walled => O² inside ×
2. Losing Photo system 2 => H²O splitting ×

Anaerobic conditions created

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34
Q

Methanogens used in:

A
  1. Sewage Treatment
  2. Producing Biogas
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35
Q

Habitats of Cyanobacteria

A

FW/ marine/ terrestrial

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36
Q

Chlorophyll a present in which Organism belonging to K Monera?

A

Cyanobacteria

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37
Q

Measurements of Mycoplasma?

A

A) 0.1 mm ( diag.)
B) 0.3 mm (theory)

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38
Q

Mycoplasma pathogenic to?

A

P and a

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39
Q

Pplo?

A

Pleuro Pneumonia like organisms.
Mycoplasma

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40
Q

Mycoplasma?
1. Cw
2. Aerobic conditions

A

Absent
Facultative anaerobes

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41
Q

Majority of Monera are:
Auto/Hetero

A

Hetero

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42
Q

3 types of Heterotrophs?

A
  1. Saprophytic => decomposers
  2. Parasitic => citrus canker, cholera, tetanus
  3. Symbiotic => Rhizobium
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43
Q

Anaerobic Photoautotrophs?

A

Purple synthetic bacteria
Green synthetic bacteria

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44
Q

Anaerobic Photoautotrophs?

A

Purple synthetic bacteria
Green synthetic bacteria

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45
Q

Gas Vacuoles in Photoauto?

A

Present

46
Q

Chemoauto help recycle?

A

Minerals like P, Fe, S

47
Q

Sexual Reproduction In Monera?

A

Some sort of primitive transfer of DNA. True S Rep. Absent

48
Q

Chemoauto ____ chemical reactions and use relameased energy to produce ____

A

Oxidize
ATP

49
Q

A Rep. In favourable conditions

A

Dna replication and then binary fission

50
Q

A Rep. In unfavourable conditions

A

Spore Formation

51
Q

Cheif producers of ocean

A

Chrysophytes

52
Q

What is a Gonyaulax ?

A

Red Dinoflagellate that undergoes rapid multiplication causing occurrence of red tides

53
Q

Bioluminiscense present in which Protista?

A

Dinoflagellates

54
Q

Slime Moulds during suitable and unsuitable conditions?

A

Suitable => aggregations called Plasmodium.
Non Suitable => plasmodium differentiates into fruiting bodies with spores on tip.

55
Q

Cell Wall in Chrysophytes.

A

Chrysophytes => 2 thin overlapping shells that fill like a soap box made of silica (indestructible)

56
Q

Cell Wall in Dinoflagellates.

A

Stiff cellulosic plates on outer surface.

57
Q

Cell Wall in Euglenoids.

A

Absent.
Instead there is protein rich layer called “pellicle” which makes it flexible.

58
Q

Cell Wall in Protozoan.

A

Absent

59
Q

Uses of Chrysophytes?

A

It is gritty.
=> polishing
=> filtration of oils and syrups

60
Q

Silica accumulation results in?

A

Diatomaceous earth.

61
Q

Protists that is primitive relative of animals

A

Protozoan

62
Q

Types of Chrysophytes

A

Diatoms
Desmids (golden algae)

63
Q

Habitat of Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates and Euglenoids.

A

Fw and Marine
Marine waters
Stagnant FW

64
Q

Flagella of D and E?

A

1 longitudinal 1 transversal
1 long 1 short

65
Q

Protists that shows different colours.

A

Dinoflagellates ( R Y B G Brown)

66
Q

Protists with photosynthetic pigment like higher plants

A

Ch A and B in Euglenoids

67
Q

Mixotrophic nutrition is shown by?

A

Euglenoids
Sunlight + => photosynthesis
Sunlight - => heterotrophic

(Connecting link b/w plants and animals)

68
Q

Pellicle absent in which protozoan.

A

Amoeba

69
Q

Trypanosoma causes?

A

Flagellated Protozoan, sleeping sickness

70
Q

Leishmania causes?

A

Flagellated Protozoan, Kala Azar

71
Q

Pseudopodia of Amoeba helps in?

A

Ingestion and Locomotion

72
Q

Marine amoeba have?

A

Silica shells on surface

73
Q

Which plasmodium causes malaria ?

A

Most notorious, Plasmodium Falciparium

74
Q

Which Protozoan have infectious spore like stage in their life cycle.

A

Sporozoan

75
Q

Ciliated Protozoan functioning ?

A

Opening surface called “gullet” lined with cilia whose movt. Pushes water laden with food to enter the gullet

76
Q

Protozoan is divided on the basis of?

A

Locomotion
1. Amoeboid => pseudopodia
2. Flagellates => Flagella
3. Ciliated => Cilia
4. Sporozoqn => absent.

77
Q

Habitat of Protozoan?

A

Amoeboid => Fw/sw/ moist soil
Flagellated => free living/parasite
Ciliated => Aquatic
Sporozoan => endoparasite

78
Q

Parameocium is an example of?

A

Ciliated Protozoan

79
Q

Exception to Multicellular build up of Fungi

A

Yeast

80
Q

Antibodies providing Fungi

A

Pencillium

81
Q

Disease causing Fungi?

A

Puccinia
Toadstool
Parasitic Fungi

82
Q

Eatable Fungi

A

Mushroom Yeast

83
Q

Fungi grow in ?

A

Warm humid places

84
Q

What are Hyphae?

A

Long slender thread like str. Emerging from spores

85
Q

Network of Hyphae?

A

Mycelium

86
Q

2 types of Hyphae?

A

Septate => hv septa/cross walls (higher fungi) (ABD)

87
Q

Fungi types of nutrition?

A

Saprophytic parasitic or symbiotic

88
Q

Aseptate hyphae?

A

Called coenocytic. Long tube filled with multi nucleated Cytoplasm.
Lower fungi.

89
Q

Septatw fungi?

A

Septa/cross walls.
Higher fungi A B D

90
Q

3 types of Fungal Reproduction.

A

Vegetative
Asexual
Sexual

91
Q

Vegetative Reproduction in fungi?

A

Fragmentation
Fission
Budding

92
Q

Asexual Reproduction in fungi?

A

Spores formed from mitosis.
Zoospore => motile/flagellated. Endogenous. P.

Sporangiospore => aka aplanospore. Non motile endogenous. P.

Conidia => non-motile endogenous (AD)

93
Q

Sexual Reproduction in fungi?

A

Oospore (P)
Zygospore (P)
Ascospore (A)
Basidiospore (B)

94
Q

Deuteromycetes do not show which form of Reproduction?

A

Sexual

95
Q

Basidiomycetes do not show which form of Reproduction?

A

Asexual

96
Q

Sexual Cycle of Fungi?

A

Two septate bound nucleus act as gamete and fuse. PLASMOGAMY (fusion of protoplasm b/w two motile or non motile gametes).

Dikaryotic stage achieved which may be short lived (A) or long lived (B)

KARYOGAMY (fusion of nucleus leading to zygote formation). Zygote formed.

MEIOSIS OF ZYGOTE ( haploid spores produced) 1 zygote has 4 daughter cells.

97
Q

Fruiting bodies post sexual Reproduction may be?

A

Ascocarp
Basidiocarp

98
Q

Describe Ascocarp?

A

Consist of:
1. Ascus ( a sac with ascospores in it)
2. Stalk

99
Q

Describe Basidiocarp?

A

Consist of:
1. Basidium (club shaped with basidiospores on it)
2. Stalk

100
Q

Phycomycetes also known as?

A

Algal fungi

101
Q

Ascomycetes also known as?

A

Sac Fungi

102
Q

Deuteromycetes also known as?

A

Imperfect Fungi

103
Q

Sexual Reproduction in ascomycetes?

A

Via Ascospores

104
Q

Sexual Reproduction in phycomycetes?

A

Zygospores

105
Q

Sexual Reproduction in basidiomycetes?

A

Basidiospores

106
Q

Sexual Reproduction in deuteromycetes?

A

Absent

107
Q

Mycelium in Phycomycetes?

A

Aseptate, Coenocytic

108
Q

Mycelium in Ascomycetes?

A

Septate Branched

109
Q

Mycelium in Basidiomycetes?

A

Septate Branched

110
Q

Mycelium in deuteromycetes?

A

Septate Branched

BIOLOGY (4 decks)

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