Respiration & Gas Exchange

Question 1

What is the process of respiration?

Answer 1

Respiration is the process of producing ATP from glucose.

Question 2

What is the role of ATP in cells?

Answer 2

ATP provides energy for cellular processes.

Question 3

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 3

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not.

Question 4

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 4

Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)

Question 5

What is the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 5

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)

Question 6

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?

Answer 6

Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy (ATP)

Question 7

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

Answer 7

Glucose -> lactic acid + energy (ATP)

Question 8

How can you investigate the evolution of carbon dioxide and heat from respiring seeds?

Answer 8

Place seeds in a sealed container with a carbon dioxide indicator and monitor temperature changes.

Question 9

What is the role of diffusion in gas exchange?

Answer 9

Diffusion allows gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and the blood.

Question 10

How does gas exchange relate to respiration and photosynthesis?

Answer 10

Respiration requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and produces oxygen.

Question 11

How is the structure of the leaf adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 11

The leaf has a large surface area, thin shape, stomata for gas exchange, and air spaces in the mesophyll.

Question 12

What is the role of stomata in gas exchange?

Answer 12

Stomata are openings that allow the exchange of gases between the leaf and the environment.

Question 13

How does the intensity of light affect the net exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in plants?

Answer 13

Higher light intensity increases photosynthesis, leading to more oxygen release and carbon dioxide uptake.

Question 14

Describe the structure of the thorax.

Answer 14

The thorax includes the ribs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and pleural membranes.

Question 15

What is the role of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm in ventilation?

Answer 15

Intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract and relax to change the volume of the thorax, aiding in breathing.

Question 16

How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 16

Alveoli have a large surface area, thin walls, and are surrounded by capillaries to facilitate diffusion.

Question 17

What are the biological consequences of smoking in relation to the lungs and the circulatory system?

Answer 17

Smoking can cause lung diseases, reduce lung function, and increase the risk of coronary heart disease.

Question 18

How can you investigate breathing in humans?

Answer 18

Measure the release of carbon dioxide and observe the effects of exercise on breathing rate.