Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
Describe the structure of the nucleus.
The nucleus contains the cell’s genetic material and controls the cell’s activities.
Describe the structure of the cytoplasm.
The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance where most of the cell’s metabolic reactions occur.
Describe the structure of the cell membrane.
The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Describe the structure of the cell wall.
The cell wall provides structure and protection; it is found in plants, fungi, and some protoctists.
Describe the structure of mitochondria.
Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration and energy (ATP) production.
Describe the structure of chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the sites of photosynthesis in plant cells.
Describe the structure of ribosomes.
Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.
Describe the structure of the vacuole.
The vacuole is a storage organelle, larger in plant cells, for water, nutrients, and waste products.
Describe the function of the nucleus.
The nucleus controls the cell’s activities and contains genetic material.
Describe the function of the cytoplasm.
The cytoplasm is where most cellular activities and metabolic reactions occur.
Describe the function of the cell membrane.
The cell membrane regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Describe the function of the cell wall.
The cell wall provides structural support and protection.
Describe the function of mitochondria.
Mitochondria are responsible for producing energy (ATP) through respiration.
Describe the function of chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy.
Describe the function of ribosomes.
Ribosomes synthesize proteins from amino acids.
Describe the function of the vacuole.
The vacuole stores nutrients, waste products, and helps maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.
What are the similarities between plant and animal cells?
Both have a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, and ribosomes.
What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole; animal cells do not.
What is the importance of cell differentiation?
Cell differentiation allows the development of specialized cells to perform specific functions.
What are the advantages of using stem cells in medicine?
Stem cells can differentiate into any cell type, offering potential treatments for various diseases.
What are the disadvantages of using stem cells in medicine?
Ethical concerns, potential for rejection, and possible tumor formation.
