Nutrition & Digestive System Flashcards
What is a balanced diet?
A balanced diet includes appropriate proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water, and dietary fiber.
What are the sources and functions of carbohydrates?
Sources: bread, pasta; Function: provide energy.
What are the sources and functions of proteins?
Sources: meat, beans; Function: growth and repair.
What are the sources and functions of lipids?
Sources: oils, butter; Function: energy storage, insulation.
What are the sources and functions of vitamin A?
Sources: carrots, liver; Function: vision, skin health.
What are the sources and functions of vitamin C?
Sources: citrus fruits, tomatoes; Function: immune function, skin health.
What are the sources and functions of vitamin D?
Sources: sunlight, fortified milk; Function: bone health.
What are the sources and functions of calcium?
Sources: dairy products, leafy greens; Function: bone and teeth health.
What are the sources and functions of iron?
Sources: red meat, spinach; Function: formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
What are the sources and functions of water in the diet?
Sources: drinking water, fruits; Function: hydration, metabolic processes.
What are the sources and functions of dietary fiber?
Sources: whole grains, vegetables; Function: aids digestion and prevents constipation.
How do energy requirements vary with activity levels?
Higher activity levels increase energy requirements.
How do energy requirements vary with age?
Energy requirements decrease with age.
How do energy requirements vary with pregnancy?
Energy requirements increase during pregnancy.
Describe the structure of the human alimentary canal.
The alimentary canal includes the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
How is food moved through the gut?
Food is moved through the gut by peristalsis.
What is the role of digestive enzymes?
Digestive enzymes break down large molecules into smaller molecules for absorption.
What does amylase do?
Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
What do proteases do?
Proteases break down proteins into amino acids.
What do lipases do?
Lipases break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.
Where is bile produced and stored?
Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
What is the role of bile in digestion?
Bile neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies lipids.
How is the small intestine adapted for absorption?
The small intestine has villi that increase surface area for absorption.
