Respiration (Chapter 21) Flashcards
Base on the process of glycolysis, answer the following questions
During phosphorylation, _______ are broken down into ________to ______ to activate _________
During phosphorylation, 2 molecules of ATP are broken down into 2 ADP and 2 phosphate molecules to release energy for activating the breakdown of 1 glucose molecule to 2 triose phosphate.
Fill in the missing information base on your background knowledge on glycolysis (aerobic respiration)
Oxidation of ____ triose phosphate molecules to pyruvate gives two molecules of _________ and _________
As a result, a net amount of ______ is formed during glycolysis
Oxidation of 2 triose phosphate molecules to pyruvate gives two molecules of NADH and four molecules of ATP
As a result, a net amount of 2 ATP and 2 NADH is formed during glycolysis
Where does the bridging between glycolysis and Kreb Cycle take place ?
Mitochondrial Martix
During the bridging between glucolysis and Kreb Cycle (Aerobic Respiration),
* ___ carbon atoms are removed from _________ and released as carbon dioxide
* ____ NAD accepted ____ hydrogen atoms from _____ to form ________
- 2 carbon atoms are removed from 2 pyruvate
- 2 NAD accepts 2 hydrogen atoms from the remaining 2-C compound (not pyruvate) to form 2 NADH.
During the bridging between glucolysis and Kreb Cycle (Aerobic Respiration),
* ____ acetyl-CoA is formed via the combination between two _______ with two ____ molecule, ________
2 acetyl-CoA is formed via the combination between a 2 2-C compound with two carrier molecule, two coenzyme A
According to the process of Kreb Cycle, answer the following question.
- ____ 6-C compound are oxidized step by step to form ____CO2, ____FADH, _____NADH, _______ ATP.
2 6-C compound are oxidized step by step to form 4 CO2, 2 FADH, 6 NADH, 2 ATP.
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur ?
inner membrane of mitochondrion
Fill in the missing information base on the process of oxidative phosphorylation in aerobic respiration.
“By the oxidation of _______ to _______, _____ is released for ____
By the oxidation of NADH and FADH to NAD and FAD, energy is released for the formation of 34 ATP molecules.
(Energy —> ATP molecules
H+ ions and electrons —> water)
Fill in the missing information base on the process of oxidative phosphorylation in aerobic respiration.
*What is the significance of oxygen molecules in oxidative phosphorylation ?
It is the _______ which accept electrons and ______ to form water
It is the final electron acceptor which accepts hydrogen ions and electrons to form water
How many ATP are produced from the following process ?
A. Oxidation of each NADH:
B: Oxidation of each FADH:
A. Oxidation of each NADH: 3
B: Oxidation of each FADH: 2
Why 34 ATP are formed during phosphorylation ? Explain with reference to the whole process of aerobic respiration.
*Each NADH and FADH are oxidized to form ______ and ______ ATP respectively
Each NADH and FADH are oxidized to form 3 and 2 ATP respectively
Why 34 ATP are formed during phosphorylation ? Explain with reference to the whole process of aerobic respiration.
*There are in total, ____ NADH formed during aerobic respiration
(___ from glycolysis, ___ from link reaction, ____ from kreb cycle)
*There are in total, 10 NADH formed during aerobic respiration
(2 from glycolysis, 2 from link reaction, 6 from kreb cycle)
Why 34 ATP are formed during phosphorylation ? Explain with reference to the whole process of aerobic respiration.
*There are in total, ____ FADH formed during aerobic respiration
(___ from glycolysis, ____ from link reaction, _____ from Kreb Cycle)
There are in total, 2 FADH formed during aerobic respiration
(0 from glycolysis, 0 from link reaction, 2 from Kreb Cycle)
Why oxidation of one FADH molecule produce one less ATP than oxidation of one NADH molecule ?
*_______ from FADH enter the electron transport chain in a later step.
electrons from FADH enter the electron transport chain in a later step
Compare the process of aerobic respiration and photosynthesis from the following perspectives.
formation of ATP:
Photosynthesis: ATP is formed by __________
Respiration: ATP is formed in ______ and _______ by
ATP is formed by photophosphorylation
ATP is formed in glycolysis and Krebs Cycle by phosphorylation
Compare the process of aerobic respiration and photosynthesis from the following perspectives (activation)
Respiration: activation of ________ by ________ using _______
Photosynthesis : activation of _________by _________
Respiration: activation of glucose by phosphorylation using ATP
Photosynthesis: activation of electrons in chlorophyll by light absorption
Compare the process of aerobic respiration and photosynthesis from the following perspectives
Respiration: original _______ is regenerated
Photosynthesis: _____ is used to regenerate the ________
Respiration: original 4-C compound is regenerated
Photosynthesis: ATP is used to regenerate the 5-C compound
Compare the process of aerobic respiration and photosynthesis from the following perspectives
Respiration: Electrons in ______ are finally accepted by oxygen to form _____
Photosynthesis: _______from water are finally accepted by ______ to form ______
Respiration: Electrons in FADH and NADH are finally accepted by oxygen to form water
Photosynthesis: H+ ion from water is finally accepted by NADP to form NADPH (x electrons)
Explain the importance of anaerobic respiration for skeletal muscles
During _______ exercise, skeletal muscles needs a lot of energy, result in _____ of oxygen for ________
_____ convert _______ to lactic acid, providing______ in a short time, contract at a higher rate
During strenuous exercise, skeletal energy will consume a lot of energy, result in an insufficient supply of oxygen for oxidation of glucose in muscles
lactic acid fermentation convert pyruvate to lactic acid, providing additional energy in a short time, contract at a higher rate
Why people breathe fast after an intense exercise ?
- take in _______ so that more ______ is regenerated in the ______
- lactic acid can be __________ by ________ to _______
- converted to ______ and enter the _______
- all lactic acid can be removed
- take in extra oxygen so that more NAD is regenerated in the electron transport chain
- lactic acid can be oxidized by NAD to pyruvate
- converted to acetyl-CoA and enter the Kreb Cycle
- all lactic acid is removed
