Nutrition in Human Flashcards
Whch of the following food contain glucose ?
i. Apple
ii. Germinating barley
iii. Milk
ii (maltose), iii. (lactose)
Is Surcose a kind of reducing sugar
no
Lactose
Glucose and Galactose
Glucose and Galactose become
lactose
Glucose and Fructose
Surcose
Surcose
Glucose and Fructose
Sugar cane, sugar beet and table sugar are examples of _________
surcose
Germinating barley is an example of __________
maltose
Starch is the storage form of carbonhydrate in _______
Glycogen is the storage form of carbonhydrate in _______
Plants, animals
______ is a component of plant cell walls and it is ___________
Cellulose, carbonhydrate/ polysaccharide
Excess carbonhydrate ?
1. converted into _________ and stored in _____ or muscle and stored as energy reserve
2. converted into fat and stored in ________
glycogen, liver, adipose tissue
Suggest a test for glucose. (2 marks)
- using glucose test paper
- there is a charge in the colour in the test end
Suggest a test for reducing sugar. (3 marks)
(Verb, add, boil)
- Benedict’s test
- Add 5mL of Benedict’s solution to the mixture and boil the mixture in the water bath
- A brick-red percipitate is formed.
Suggest a test for starch. (2 marks)
- Iodine test
- iodine solution change from brown to blue-black
H:O ratio of lipid
greater than 2:1
State two vitamins that can be absorbed by lipids.
Vitamin A, D
Fruit seed contain what food sibstance ?
A. Carbonhydrate
B. Protein
C, Lipids
C. Lipids
Complete the blank.
Lipids is a component of _____________ such as __________, which is the major one.
cell membrane, phospholipids
Suggest a test for lipid and state the result. (3 marks)
(words: immerse, remain)
- Grease spot test
- Translucent spot remain on the filter paper
- The translucent spot disappear when immerse the filter paper into organic solvent
Why does the protein has a unique shape ?
- Allows different proteins to perform different functions in our body
Fill in the blank.
- Proteins are used for _________ and repair of __________
growth and repair of body tissues
Arrange the following food substance from the earlist to the latest according to their sequence of being used.
Protein, carbohydrates, lipids
carbonhydrate, lipids. proteins
Deficiency of proteins
kwa/shi/or/kor
Suggest a test for protein. (2 marks)
- protein test paper
- the test end of the paper change
Determine whether the following substances are organic or inorganic.
A. Minerals
B. Vitamins
A. Inorganic B. Organic
Fill in the blank.
Calcium is required to _________ and teeth
build bone and teeth
Fill in the blank
Calcium is involved in _________, muscle _________ and sending message to the _______
blood clotting, muscle contraction, sending messages to the brain
Deficiency disease of calcium to aged people. Briefly explain the effects. (3 marks)
- Osteoporosis
- A loss of bone mass
- Bone is easily broken
Deficiency disease of calcium to children. Briefly explain the effects. (3 marks)
- Rickets
- Soft bones
- leg may bend under the weight of the bodies.
Spinach contains which two substances.
Calcium, Iron
Beans contain which two substances.
Protein, Iron
Broccoli contain which two substances.
Calcium, Vitamin C
Raisins are riched in ________
iron
Liver contain which three substances.
Iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin D
Do fish liver oil contain iron
No
What is the function of iron.
- As a component of haemoglobin and a source of making haemoglobin
Deficiency diesase of iron. Briefly explain the effects. (4 marks)
- Anaemia
- Faint/ feel tired easily
- Not enough haemoglobin in the red blood cells
- to carry oxygen to the brain and teh body
Differentiate the following vitamins into lipid-soluble and water-soluble.
(A,B,C,D,E,K)
Water-soluble: B,C
Lipid-soluble: A,D,E,K
What if vitamin B or C take in excess ? (2 marks)
- cannot be stored in large amounts
- excreted through urination
Can Vitamin B,C stored in large amount.
No, they are stored in small amount
Explain the effect of vitamin A to our visual perception. (2 marks)
(hints: pigment)
- needed for the formation of pigment in the retina
- It ensure our vision in dim light
Explain another function of vitamin A except the one about visual perception. (2 marks)
(4 organs) (hints: corn)
keep cornea, skin, lining of the alimentary canal and breathing system healthy.
Deficiency disease of lack of vitamin A.
(think about the function of vitamin A, 1 for visual perception, 2 for another)
- night blindness
- drying up of cornea and skin
- easy infection of alimentary canal, lung and trachea
Suggest how mangoes and sweet potatoes solve deficiency of vitamin A.
- They contain carotene
- This pigment is converted to vitamin A in the liver
What is the function of vitamin D. (2 marks)
- Promote absorption of calcium and phosphate
- *essential to develop keep bone and teeth strong
Deficiency disease of lack of vitamin D.
Rickets in children
Why joining outdoor activities solve deficiency of vitamin D. (2 marks)
- exposed to sunlight
- Vitamin D is produced by the skin when exposed to the sunlight
Explain the functions of vitamin C. (physical thing in the body (2 marks)
- growth and repair of connective tissues
- healing wounds
Explain why lack of vitamin C will cause vegetarian feel faint easily. (4 marks)
- Vitamin C promotes the absorption of iron from plant foods. Therefore, they absorb less or insufficent amount og iron from plant.
- A lack of iron cause anaemia
- as there is not enough haemoglobin in red blood cells
- tranfer oxygen to the brain
Deficiency disease of lack of vitamin C.
Scurvy
Suggest a test for vitamin C. (2 marks)
- DCPIP test
- DCPIP solution will be decolourized if vitamin C present.
Relationship between drop of DCPIP solution and concentration of vitamin C.
- Fewer drops needed to decoluourize the same amount of DCPIP solution
- higher concentration of vitamin C
Suggest how dietary fibre solve constpation. (4 marks)
- add bulk to the food
- facilitate peristalsis
- hold a lot of water
- make faeces softer
Deficiency disease of dietary fibre.
Constipation (x colo/rectal cancer)
Does water involve in the chemical reaction ?
No.
It provides a medium for the chemical reactions to take place
“Children require the greatest amount of energy” Comment on this statement. (2 marks)
- Not correct
- Children require the greatest amount of energy *per unit body mass
Explain your answer above. (3 marks)
- highest metabolic rate
- highest growth rate and highest eate of heat loss
- due to highest surface area to volume ratio
Explain why man generally need more energy than woman. (3 marks)
- higher metabolic rate
- larger body size and more muscular
- higher rate of heat loss since less subcutaneous fat
Explain why man need more protein than females. (2 marks)
- more muscular
- protein is needed to build and repair muscles
Explain why woman need more iron. (2 marks)
- replace the loss of iron
- due to men/stru/at/ion
Explain why pregnant women need more iron and protein. (2 marks)
- protein is needed for the growth of foetus
- iron is neede for the formation of foetal (胎兒) red blood cells
State a deficiency disease of eating too little.
(啊老米西亞, 馬否撒)
- A/no/re/xia nervosa
