Respiration And Gas Exchange

Question 1

What’s ATP?

Answer 1

1 Adenosine and 3 phosphate molecules

ADP is formed as a phosphate is broken off, releasing energy

The phosphate is added back on to ADP to make ATP during respiration

Question 2

Equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 2

C6H12O6 +6O goes to 6(CO2) + 6(H20)

Question 3

Equation for anaerobic respiration in animals

Answer 3

Glucose goes to lactic acid (+energy)

Question 4

Equation for anaerobic respiration in plants

Answer 4

Glucose goes to ethanol + Carbon dioxide (+energy)

Question 5

Describe the structure of the thorax

Answer 5

Lungs are surrounded by pleural membranes

Trachea splits into bronchi, splits into bronchioles, splits into alveoli

Question 6

What happens during breathing in

Answer 6

Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract,

Thorax volume increase,

Air pressure decreases below atmospheric,

Air enters in

Question 7

What happens when breathing out

Answer 7

Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relaxes

Volume decrease

Pressure increase above atmospheric

Air forced out

Question 8

Give 5 adaptations of alveoli

Answer 8

Lots of microscopic alveoli give a large SA

Moist lining dissolves gases

One cell thick for diffusion

Good supply of blood maintains high concentration gradient

Walls are permeable for easy diffusion

Question 9

Give 5 consequences of smoking

Answer 9

Damages alveoli, leading to emphysema

Tar damages cilia, meaning the trachea can’t be cleared, increases chances of chest infection

Bronchitis is caused by tar irritating the bronchioles, meaning mucus is produced but can’t be cleared by the cilia

Carbon monoxide decreases bloods capacity to carry oxygen, which can lead to coronary heart disease

Contains carginogens

Question 10

Investigating breathing

Answer 10

Breath into limewater, turns cloudy due to CO2

Count number of breaths (effects of exercise)