Respiration Flashcards
define physiology
the function of an organisms body parts in relations the structure
why are circulatory systems needed
to transport respiratory media in animals with a high SA:V ratio
what is order of transport vessels that oxygenated blood travels through from the lungs
artery–>arteriole–>capillary–>cells
how many more times O2 can air carry opposed to water
20x more
what does a higher temp in water mean for O2’s affinity to it
the higher the temp, the lower the O2 content will be
how have ice fish evolved to deal with high levels of O2 in their environment?
where has carbonic anhydrase moved to and why?
they have lost haemoglobin due to the effort used to produce it being pointless as their blood is saturated with O2.
carbonic anhydrase has moved to the gills to transfer bicarbonate into CO2 to be breathed out
define water vapour pressure
the pressure at which an equilibrium is achieved between water evaporating and condensing at the same rate inside the alveoli.
what is the water vapour pressure in all mammals (ml of mercury)?
47ml of mercury- constant internal pressure is maintained inside the alveoli
what is the equation for mass transport of gas
M= DA(a1-a2)
————–
x
what does M stand for in the mass transport equation
M= mass transport of gas
what does D stand for in the mass transport equation
D= permeation coefficient (the solubility of gas in the respiratory medium)
what does A stand for in the mass transport equation
A= the area of the respiratory surface (epithelium)
what does a1-a2 stand for in the mass transport equation
a1-a2= the diffusion gradient across the epithelium
what does X stand for in the mass transport equation
x= thickness of respiratory epithelium
what is the most efficient exchange surface and on which animals are they found?
fishes’ gills
what protects gills
pharyngeal pockets
define countercurrent
oxygenated water flows one way over the gills and deoxygenated blood flows the other. a diffusion gradient is maintained and so O2 is constantly entering the bloodstream
define ramjet ventilation (tuna)
when moving quickly, fish can simply open their mouth and allow water to pass over their gills
define pelagic fish
a fish that occupies one level of the ocean
define concurrent flow and why it is not beneficial
O2 would only be exchanged in sections where the blood O2 levels are low thus limiting the amount of O2 that could be absorbed by the blood
define carbonic anhydrase
causes blood to be acidic and weakens O2’s affinity to Hb. ensures deoxygenated body parts receive O2 and allows swim bladder to be inflated/deflated- effecting buoyancy
are respirator cells highly specialised for their function?
NO. their membranes are already adapted for gas diffusion
do insects have a closed or open circulatory system?
open, air flows freely through spiracles directly to muscles
how is air moved through spiracles and why is it done so?
through the inflation of air sacs powered by the movement of abdominal muscles due to spiral ribs on tracheoles causing an inability of them to contract
how does counter current flow make for a more efficient gaseous exchange? reference equilibrium not being reached
the flow of O2 into the blood is kept constant as the equilibrium is not reached between blood and water.
what does the ventilation:perfusion entail?
the ratio between O2 provision to blood supply to carry it away
what does the Bohr shift entail?
O2 dissociating from haemoglobin faster than it would to the left
how is O2 release from swim bladder?
via a release valve
