comparative osmoregulation

Question 1

what does a long loop of henlé aid?

Answer 1

better reabsorption of water

Question 2

what volume and concentration would a long loop of henlé result in?

Answer 2

low volume, high concentration

Question 3

does chagas disease affect the kidneys?

Answer 3

YES. it causes slight inflammation of the kidneys

Question 4

define a countercurrent multiplier system- use kidney as an example

Answer 4

energy is expended to create a concentration gradient. in the loop of henle, ions are pumped to create a gradient down which water can diffuse

Question 5

list the steps of insect excretion

Answer 5

Na or K is pumped into the lumen
Cl follows along with water, waste solutes and valuable solutes
solution moves to gut
Na, K, Cl and valuable solutes are reabsorbed. water follows down concentration gradient
what’s left crystallises and is excreted