respiration

Question 1

what are the 2 types of respiration

Answer 1

1) aerobic ( requires oxygen )

2) anaerobic ( doesen’t require oxygen )

Question 2

what do both types of respiration produce

Answer 2

ATP, but anaerobic produces slightly less

Question 3

what does glycolysis produce and what are its reactant

Answer 3

glycolysis produces pyruvate from glucose.

Question 4

what is the process of glycolysis

Answer 4

splitting 1 molecule of glucose (6C) into 2 smaller molecules of pyruvate (3C).

Question 5

where does glycolysis occur

Answer 5

in the cytoplasm of the cells, it doesen’t need oxygen to take place so its an anaerobic process

Question 6

what are the stages of phosphorylation

Answer 6

1) glucose is phosphorylated using a phosphate from a molecule of ATP which produces 1 molecule of glucose phosphate and 1 ADP
2) another ATP molecule is used to add another phosphate onto the glucose phosphate which creates hexose bisphosphate
3) hexose phosphate is split into 2 molecules of triose phosphate

Question 7

what are the stages of oxidation

Answer 7

1) triose phosphate is oxidises so it loses a hydrogen forming 2 molecules of pyruvate
2) NAD collects the hydrogen ions, forming 2 reduced NAD
3) 4 ATP are produced, but 2 were used up in phosphorylation so we have a net gain of 2.

Question 8

in anaerobic respiration what is pyruvate converted to

Answer 8

1) ethanol - in plants and yeast through alcoholic fermentation pyruvate is converted to ethanal and then ethanol
2) lactate - in animal cells and some bacteria through lacatate fermentation pyruvate is converted to lactate ( lactic acid )