calvin cycle ( detailed light dependant reaction

Question 1

what is the calvin cycle also known as

Answer 1

the light independant reaction

Question 2

where does the calvin cycle take place

Answer 2

in the stroma of the chloroplasts

Question 3

whats the main molecule that the calvin cycle produces

Answer 3

triose phosphate from co2 and ribulose bisphosphate

Question 4

what can triose phosphate be used to make

Answer 4

useful molecules such glucose and other useful organic substances

Question 5

what does the calvin cycle need to keep it going

Answer 5

ATP and H+ ions

Question 6

whats the main first step of the calvin cycle

Answer 6

carbon dioxide is combined with rubulose bisphosphate to form two molecules of glycerate 3 - phosphate

Question 7

where does co2 enter the leaf form and where does it go?

Answer 7

enters through the stomata and diffuses into the stroma of the chloroplast

Question 8

what happens to the co2 once it reaches the stomata

Answer 8

its combined with RuBP, a 5 carbon compound

Question 9

what enzyme catalyses the reaction between co2 and RuBP

Answer 9

rubisco

Question 10

what is the product CO2 and RuBP

Answer 10

an unstable 6-carbon compound which breaks down into two molecules of a 3-carbon compound called glycerate 3-phosphate (GP)

Question 11

what is the second main step of the calvin cycle

Answer 11

ATP and reduced NADP are required for the reduction of GP to triose phosphate

Question 12

what does the hydrolysis of ATP from the light dependant reaction provide energy for

Answer 12

to turn the 3-carbon compound,GP, into a different 3-carbon compound called triose phosphate (TP). this reaction also H+ ions which come from reduced NADP, once the H+ ions are taken out the reduced NADP its turned back into NADP and recycled.

Question 13

what is some triose phosphate converted into

Answer 13

useful organic compounds (e.g glucose) and some continues in the calvin cycle to rengerate RuBP

Question 14

whats the third main step of the calvin cycle

Answer 14

ribulose bisphosphate is regenerated

Question 15

how many molecules of triose phosphate arent used to make glucose

Answer 15

5 of 6 molecules of TP arent used to make glucose but instead used in regenerating ribulose phosphate, regenerating ribulose phosphate uses the rest of the ATP produced by the light dependant reaction

Question 16

what sorts of organic susbtances is TP and GP converted into

Answer 16

1) carbohydrates - hexose sugars are made my joining two triose phosphate molecules together and larger carbs are made by joining hexose sugars in different ways
2) lipids- made using glycerol, which is synthesised from triose phosphate and fatty acids which are synthesised from glycerate 3-phosphate
3) amino acids - some amino acids are made from glycerate 3-phosphate

Question 17

why does the calvin cycle need to turn 6 times to make one hexose sugar

Answer 17

3 turns of the calvin cycle produces 6 molecules of TP ( because 2 molecules of TP are made for every one CO2 molecule ), 5 out of 6 of these are used to regenerate RuBP which means for 3 turns of the cycle 1 TP is made thats used to produce hexose, a hexose consists of 6 carbons so 2 TP molecules are needed to form 1 hexose sugar, so the cycle needs to turn 6 times to produce 2 molecules of TP to make 1 hexose sugar

Question 18

what does 6 turns of the cycle need from the light dependant reaction

Answer 18

18 ATP and 12 Reduced NADP