nervous communication Flashcards
what is a stimulus
a change in the external or internal enviroment
what do receptors do
detect stimuli - they can be cells or proteins on cell surface membranes.
what do effectors do and what are the 2 main types of effectors
effectors bring the reponse to the stimuli to produce an effect. effectors can include muscles or glands.
what are the 2 systems receptors use to communicate with effectors
1) nervous system
2) hormonal system
or sometimes both
what are the 3 main types of neurones and what are their functions
1) sensory neurones - transmit electrical impulses from the receptors to the CNS
2) motor neurones - transmit electrical impulses from the CNS to the effector
3) relay neurones - transmit electrical impulses between the sensory neurones and motor neurones
what consists of the CNS
the brain and the spinal cord
describe the pathway of a stimulus from the stimulus to the response
1) the receptor cells pick up a stimulus and send an electrical impulse along the sensory neurone to the CNS
2) and CNS processes the information and responds accoringly by sending an electrical impulse along the motor neurone to the effector
3) the effector responds accordingly
what is the pheripheral nervous system made of
made up of neurones that connect the CNS to the rest of the body
what is the pheripheral nervous system split into
1) somatic nervous system
2) autonomic nervous system
what does the somatic nervous system do
controls the conscious activties of the body
what does the autonomic nervous system do
controls the unconscious activties of the body such as digestion
what is the 2 things that the autonomic nervous system is split into
1) sympathetic nervous system
2) parasympathetic nervous system
what does the sympathetic nervous system control
gets the body ready for action - fight or flight system
what does the parasympathetic nervous system do
calms the body down, rest and digest system
what is a reflex
when the body responds to a stimulus without making a conscious decision
