Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration? Where does it take place?
An exothermic reaction thats takes place in the mitochondria
Why is respiration a controlled enzyme reaction? What temp do human body cells happen fastest at?
- when temperature is low, respiration is slow as the molecules reacting dont have enough energy
- 37 degrees
What is aerobic respiration?
Occurs when oxygen is present
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen-> carbon dioxide + water (energy)
What is used up and what is produced in the aerobic equation?
Glucose and O2 are used
CO2 and water are produced
What can the energy from respiration used for?
What do plants do?
1) . Make muscles contract so animals can move
2) . Maintian a steady body temperature
3) . Build larger molecules from smaller molecules
4) . Move materials across membranes
- plants build up sugars, nitrates, and other nutrients into amino acids which are then made into proteins for growth
What happens to respiration during exercise?
- before exercise heart rate is low
- during exercise, the heart rate increases rapidly, it pumps quicker to carry more oxygenated blood and glucose to respiring cells
- after the heart returns to normal
- breathing rate and breath volume also increase to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood
What does increased heart and breathing rate do?
Speeds up the removal of waste CO2, which can be poisionous
What do animals store? What can it be broken down into for respiration?
Stores glycogen
- glycogen -> glucose -> respiration (energy)
What is anaerobic respiration?
If insufficient oxygen is supplied anaerobic respiration takes place in the muscles
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?
Glucose -> lactic acid
What does anaerobic respiration produce? Why do cells need O2?
An oxygen debt
- cells need oxygen to change the lactic acid that has built up, to CO2 and water
Why do we continue to breathe deeply and quickly after exercise?
We need to repay the oxygen to the cells, it also removes CO2 and breaks down lactic acid which causes muscle fatigue, cramps and pain!
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?
Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
What is anaerobic in yeast cells known as?
Fermentation and has an economic importance in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks
What is oxygen debt?
Incomplete oxidation of glucose causes a build up of lactic acid and causes an oxygen debt.
- During longs periods of exercise the muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently
How does lactic acid travel? What is the association with oxygen debt?
Blood flowing through the muscles transports lactic acid to the liver where it’s converted back into glucose.
- oxygen debt is the extra O2 the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells
What is metabolism?
Sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
What is the energy transferred by respiration in cells used by?
The energy transferred by respiration in cells is used by the organism for the continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules
What does metabolism do to glucose?
- Converts it to starch (storage of molecules in plants)
- Converts it to glycogen (storage molecule in animal cells)
- Converts it to cellulose (component of plant cell walls)
How does metabolism form lipid molecules?
From one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
How does metabolism form amino acids?
Use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesise proteins
How is metabolism used is respiration?
Glucose is broken down in respiration which transfers energy to all reactions in the body
How does metabolism work in the formation of urea?
Breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion
