Respiration

Question 1

What is respiration? Where does it take place?

Answer 1

An exothermic reaction thats takes place in the mitochondria

Question 2

Why is respiration a controlled enzyme reaction? What temp do human body cells happen fastest at?

Answer 2

• when temperature is low, respiration is slow as the molecules reacting dont have enough energy
• 37 degrees

Question 3

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 3

Occurs when oxygen is present

Question 4

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 4

Glucose + oxygen-> carbon dioxide + water (energy)

Question 5

What is used up and what is produced in the aerobic equation?

Answer 5

Glucose and O2 are used

CO2 and water are produced

Question 6

What can the energy from respiration used for?

What do plants do?

Answer 6

1) . Make muscles contract so animals can move
2) . Maintian a steady body temperature
3) . Build larger molecules from smaller molecules
4) . Move materials across membranes

• plants build up sugars, nitrates, and other nutrients into amino acids which are then made into proteins for growth

Question 7

What happens to respiration during exercise?

Answer 7

• before exercise heart rate is low
• during exercise, the heart rate increases rapidly, it pumps quicker to carry more oxygenated blood and glucose to respiring cells
• after the heart returns to normal
• breathing rate and breath volume also increase to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood

Question 8

What does increased heart and breathing rate do?

Answer 8

Speeds up the removal of waste CO2, which can be poisionous

Question 9

What do animals store? What can it be broken down into for respiration?

Answer 9

Stores glycogen

- glycogen -> glucose -> respiration (energy)

Question 10

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 10

If insufficient oxygen is supplied anaerobic respiration takes place in the muscles

Question 11

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?

Answer 11

Glucose -> lactic acid

Question 12

What does anaerobic respiration produce? Why do cells need O2?

Answer 12

An oxygen debt

- cells need oxygen to change the lactic acid that has built up, to CO2 and water

Question 13

Why do we continue to breathe deeply and quickly after exercise?

Answer 13

We need to repay the oxygen to the cells, it also removes CO2 and breaks down lactic acid which causes muscle fatigue, cramps and pain!

Question 14

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?

Answer 14

Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 15

What is anaerobic in yeast cells known as?

Answer 15

Fermentation and has an economic importance in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks

Question 16

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 16

Incomplete oxidation of glucose causes a build up of lactic acid and causes an oxygen debt.
- During longs periods of exercise the muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently

Question 17

How does lactic acid travel? What is the association with oxygen debt?

Answer 17

Blood flowing through the muscles transports lactic acid to the liver where it’s converted back into glucose.
- oxygen debt is the extra O2 the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells

Question 18

What is metabolism?

Answer 18

Sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body

Question 19

What is the energy transferred by respiration in cells used by?

Answer 19

The energy transferred by respiration in cells is used by the organism for the continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules

Question 20

What does metabolism do to glucose?

Answer 20

• Converts it to starch (storage of molecules in plants)
• Converts it to glycogen (storage molecule in animal cells)
• Converts it to cellulose (component of plant cell walls)

Question 21

How does metabolism form lipid molecules?

Answer 21

From one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids

Question 22

How does metabolism form amino acids?

Answer 22

Use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesise proteins

Question 23

How is metabolism used is respiration?

Answer 23

Glucose is broken down in respiration which transfers energy to all reactions in the body

Question 24

How does metabolism work in the formation of urea?

Answer 24

Breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion