Respiration Flashcards
What are the two types of alveolar and what are their functions?
Type I alveolar is the surface for gas exchange.
Type Ii alveolar functions to synthesise surfacant.
What is Boyle’s Law?
Boyle’s Law states that the pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if the temperature and volume of gas remains unchanged within a closed system.
What is Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures?
Dalton’s Law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of non-reacting gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
What happens to the thoracic cage and diaphragm during inspiration and expiration?
During inspiration the diaphragm contracts and flattens, and the thoracic volume increases.
During expirations the diaphragm relaxes, and the thoracic volume decreases.
What is Pneumothorax?
Pneumothroax is an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space that causes an uncoupling of the lung from the chest wall.
What is Emphysema?
Emphysema is a disease of the lungs that causes shortness of breath due to over-inflation and loss of elastin in the the alveoli.
What is the Law of LaPlace?
According to the Law of LaPlace, if two bubbles have the same surface tension, the smaller bubble with have higher pressure.
What is Hypoxia?
It is a a state of too little oxygen.
What is Hypercapnia?
It is a state of too much carbon dioxide.
What are the four states of Hypoxia and what are the differences between them?
Hypoxic hypoxia = low aterial oxygen pressure.
Anemic hypoxia = decreased amount of O2 bound to haemoglobin.
Ischemic hypoxia = reduced oxygenated blood flow.
Histotoxic hypoxia = failure of cells to use O2 because they have been poisoned.
How is carbon dioxide transported around the body?
1) Some bind to haemoglobin to form carbaminohaeboglobin.
2) Some CO2 is converted to bicarbonate (HCO3-) and H+.
