Digestion and Secretion Flashcards
What is sucrose a combination of?
Glucose and fructose
What is Lactose a combination of?
Glucose and galactose.
What is starched composed of?
Amylose and Amylopectin.
What enzyme functions to break down proteins in the stomach?
Pepsin.
Which cells in the stomach produce pesinogen for its conversion to pepsin?
CHIEF cells
Give 3 examples of Pancreatic peptidases.
Tryspinogen, Chymotrypsinogen and Pro-elestase.
What happens when the small peptides and amino acids formed from the breakdown of proteins are sensed in the duodenum?
They cause the release of cholecystokinin (CCK), which in turn causes the release of pancreatic peptidases.
What are Enteropeptidases?
They are enzymes produced by the cells of the duodenum that function activate the proenzymes required for digestion.
What is the duodenum?
It is the first first section of the small intestine.
What are the 4 way iron is stored in the body?
60% is present in haemoglobin.
25% is stored in the liver.
8% is present in myoglobin in muscles.
5% in present as a cofactor in enzymes.
Which cells in the stomach secrete HCL?
Parietal cells.
What is contained in gastric juice?
Salts, Water, HCL, Pepsins, Intrinsic factor and mucous.
What is the difference between patients with gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers?
Patients with gastric ulcers secret less HCl and patients with duodenal ulcers secret more HCl than normal.
What are the three phases of increased acid secretion that occur after a meal?
1) The Celphalic phase, which is elicited before food reaches the stomach
2) The gastric phase, which is elicited by the presence of food in the stomach.
3) The intestinal phase.
Which three molecules regulates HCl (gastric) secretion?
Acetylcholine (neurotransmitter), the gastrin (hormone secreted by G cells) and histamine.
What are two drugs that can help treat ulcers by inhibiting acid secretion in the stomach?
Ranitidine and Omeprazole.
What is the top and the bottom of the stomach called?
Top = Fundus
Bottom = Antrum
Innervation from what nerve increases motility in the stomach?
Innervation from the vagus nerve (parasympathetic) increases motility.
Innervation from what nerves reduced motility in the stomach?
Innervation from the Celiac Plexus (Sympathetic) decreases motility.
What are Segmentation contraction?
Segmentation contraction are the motility pattern of the small intestine.
What is the Migrating Myoelectric Complex?
They are waves of electrical activity that sweep through the intestines in a regular cycle during fasting.
