Respiration (4.2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Cellular respiration is an (…) reaction which is (…) occurring in (…) (+ releases energy)

A

exothermic

continuously

living cells

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2
Q

The energy transferred supplies (…) the (…) needed for (…)

A

all

energy

living processes

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3
Q

What are the two types of respiration, used to transfer energy

A

aerobically (using oxygen)

anaerobically (without oxygen)

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4
Q

Is oxygen needed in anaerobic respiration?

A

No - but it is in aerobic

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5
Q

Compare glucose breakdown in aerobic and anaerobic respiration

A

Aerobic - complete glucose breakdown

Anaerobic - incomplete glucose breakdown

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6
Q

How much energy is released in aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic - relatively large amount

Anaerobic - smaller amount, but quicker (than aerobic)

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7
Q

3 things

Organisms need energy for…

A
  • chemical reactions to build larger molecules (to build carbohydrates/proteins/lipids from products of photosynthesis in plants and digestion in animals)
  • movement (energy needed for muscle contraction in animals, transportation of substances in phloem in plants)
  • keeping (body) warm (distributed by blood to whole body, maintaining conditions for optimum function)
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8
Q

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen ⇢ carbon dioxide + water

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9
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?

A

glucose ⇢ lactic acid

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10
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?

A

glucose ⇢ ethanol + carbon dioxide

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11
Q

Why is much less energy transferred in anaerobic respiration than aerobic?

A

because the oxidation of glucose is incomplete in anaerobic respiration

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12
Q

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?

A

fermentation

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13
Q

What is the use/importance of fermentation?

A

It has economic importance in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks

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14
Q

What is metabolism?

A

the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body

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15
Q

The energy transferred by respiration in cells is used by the organism for which processes?

A

the continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules

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16
Q

Give 5 examples of metabolism

A
  • conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
  • the formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
  • the use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesise proteins
  • respiration
  • breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion
17
Q

That metabolism includes reactions that build up…

and reactions that break down…

A

larger molecules from smaller ones (forms carbohydrates, proteins and lipids)

larger molecules into smaller ones (forms sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol)