Plant disease (3.3) Flashcards

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1
Q

7 needed

How can plant disease be detected?

A
  • stunted growth
  • spots on leaves
  • areas of decay (rot)
  • (abnormal) growths
  • malformed stems or leaves
  • discolouration
  • the presence of pests.
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2
Q

3 needed

How can plant disease be identified?

A
  • reference to a gardening manual or website
  • taking infected plants to a laboratory to identify the pathogen
  • using testing kits that contain monoclonal antibodies.
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3
Q

Which pathogens can infect plants and which organisms can infect/damage them?

A

Plants can be infected by a range of viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens as well as being infected/damaged by insects (aphids)

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4
Q

3 diseases or organisms needed

What is knowledge of plant disease restricted to?

A
  • tobacco mosaic virus as a viral disease
  • (rose) black spot as a fungal disease
  • aphids as insects
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5
Q

2 needed with explanation

Plants can be damaged by a range of ion deficiency conditions such as…

A
  • stunted growth caused by nitrate deficiency - nitrate ions needed for protein synthesis and therefore growth
  • c_hlorosis (yellowing of leaves)_ caused by magnesium deficiency leading to less photosynthesis (may also lead to less growth as glucose can be used to make amino acids for protein synthesis and therefore growth) - magnesium ions needed to make chlorophyll

knowledge of ions limited to these two

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6
Q

What are plants’ physical defence responses to resist invasion of microorganisms?

A
  • Cellulose cell walls.
  • Tough waxy cuticle on leaves.
  • Layers of dead cells around stems (bark on trees) which fall off.
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7
Q

What are plants’ chemical plant defence responses?

A
  • Antibacterial chemicals.
  • Poisons to deter herbivores.
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8
Q

What are plants’ mechanical adaptations?

A
  • Thorns and hairs deter herbivores.
  • Leaves which droop or curl when touched.
  • Mimicry to trick animals
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9
Q

Why may plants infected with aphids showings of reduced growth?

A

Less amino acids produced (due to less sugars), so less protein synthesis

could also talk about glucose or cellulose

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10
Q

Explain why the mouthpiece of the aphid contained a high concentration of dissolved sugars after feeding

A

mouthpiece had pierced/entered the phloem

or

(the aphid) had been feeding from the phloem

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