Respiration Flashcards
What is the type of energy stored in food?
Chemical energy is stored in food.
What is respiration controlled by?
Respiration is controlled by a series of enzymes.
What is respiration?
Respiration releases energy in all living cells.
State 4 reasons why cells need energy.
Cells need energy for muscle fatigue, cell growth, active transport and the build-up of large molecules.
What is ATP?
ATP is a high energy molecules and is formed from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). It is also known as Adenosine TriPhosphate. It consists of one adenosine molecule and 3 inorganic phosphates.
When is ATP released?
ATP is released when the 3rd inorganic phosphate breaks off.
What is excess energy released as?
Excess energy is released as heat.
Describe glycolysis.
Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and 2 ATP molecules.
Does glycolysis require oxygen?
Glycolysis does not require oxygen.
Where does glycolysis occur?
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
How much ATP is produced during glycolysis?
2 ATP is produced.
Describe stage 2 of aerobic respiration.
The pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis is broken down into CO₂ and water with the help of enzymes.
Is oxygen needed for the breakdown of pyruvic acid?
Oxygen is needed for the breakdown of pyruvic acid.
How much ATP is produced during stage 2?
36 ATP is produced during the breakdown of pyruvic acid.
Where does the breakdown of pyruvic acid occur?
The pyruvic acid from the first stage diffuses from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria where the breakdown of pyruvic acid occurs.
What are the final products of aerobic respiration?
The final products are carbon dioxide and water.
How many ATP are there per glucose molecule?
There are 38 ATP per glucose molecule.
Why do certain cell cells require more mitochondria?
Certain cells need more mitochondria because the cells require more energy.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration is when there is no oxygen during the reaction so only glycolysis can take place resulting in only 2 ATP. Glucose cannot be completely broken down.
What is muscle fatigue?
Muscle fatigue is when the muscle contract less powerfully and begin to ache.
What causes muscle fatigue?
It is caused by the build-up of lactic acid in the muscle cells.
What is oxygen debt?
Oxygen debt is the volume of oxygen required to convert lactic acid back to pyruvic acid during the recovery period
What happens during vigorous exercise?
Oxygen debt builds up.
What is the recovery period?
When the oxygen debt is repaid.
