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Biology-Unit 1 > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the type of energy stored in food?

A

Chemical energy is stored in food.

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2
Q

What is respiration controlled by?

A

Respiration is controlled by a series of enzymes.

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3
Q

What is respiration?

A

Respiration releases energy in all living cells.

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4
Q

State 4 reasons why cells need energy.

A

Cells need energy for muscle fatigue, cell growth, active transport and the build-up of large molecules.

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5
Q

What is ATP?

A

ATP is a high energy molecules and is formed from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). It is also known as Adenosine TriPhosphate. It consists of one adenosine molecule and 3 inorganic phosphates.

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6
Q

When is ATP released?

A

ATP is released when the 3rd inorganic phosphate breaks off.

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7
Q

What is excess energy released as?

A

Excess energy is released as heat.

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8
Q

Describe glycolysis.

A

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and 2 ATP molecules.

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9
Q

Does glycolysis require oxygen?

A

Glycolysis does not require oxygen.

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10
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.

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11
Q

How much ATP is produced during glycolysis?

A

2 ATP is produced.

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12
Q

Describe stage 2 of aerobic respiration.

A

The pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis is broken down into CO₂ and water with the help of enzymes.

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13
Q

Is oxygen needed for the breakdown of pyruvic acid?

A

Oxygen is needed for the breakdown of pyruvic acid.

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14
Q

How much ATP is produced during stage 2?

A

36 ATP is produced during the breakdown of pyruvic acid.

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15
Q

Where does the breakdown of pyruvic acid occur?

A

The pyruvic acid from the first stage diffuses from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria where the breakdown of pyruvic acid occurs.

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16
Q

What are the final products of aerobic respiration?

A

The final products are carbon dioxide and water.

17
Q

How many ATP are there per glucose molecule?

A

There are 38 ATP per glucose molecule.

18
Q

Why do certain cell cells require more mitochondria?

A

Certain cells need more mitochondria because the cells require more energy.

19
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Anaerobic respiration is when there is no oxygen during the reaction so only glycolysis can take place resulting in only 2 ATP. Glucose cannot be completely broken down.

20
Q

What is muscle fatigue?

A

Muscle fatigue is when the muscle contract less powerfully and begin to ache.

21
Q

What causes muscle fatigue?

A

It is caused by the build-up of lactic acid in the muscle cells.

22
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

Oxygen debt is the volume of oxygen required to convert lactic acid back to pyruvic acid during the recovery period

23
Q

What happens during vigorous exercise?

A

Oxygen debt builds up.

24
Q

What is the recovery period?

A

When the oxygen debt is repaid.

25
Q

How much ATP is produced after anaerobic respiration?

A

2 ATP is produced.

26
Q

Describe anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast.

A

Glycolysis occurs and the pyruvic acid is broken down into CO₂ and ethanol. The CO₂ is released into the atmosphere.

27
Q

What is anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast also called?

A

It is also known as fermentation

28
Q

Why is anaerobic respiration in plants and irreversible?

A

It is irreversible because the CO₂ is released into the atmosphere.

29
Q

What are the final products of anaerobic respiration in animals?

A

Lactic acid and oxygen.

30
Q

What are the final products of anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

A

Carbon dioxide and ethanol.

31
Q

Why is ATP important?

A

ATP is important because it acts as a link between reactions which produce energy and reactions which consume energy.

Biology-Unit 1 (7 decks)

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