Respiration Flashcards
What sort of reaction is cellular respiration?
Exothermic
Where does cellular respiration occur?
In the mitochondria
What does aerobic mean?
With oxygen
What does anaerobic mean?
Without oxygen
What is the energy from respiration used for? Give 2 examples.
Life processes.
(E.g: chemical reactions to build larger molecules such as proteins to amino acids, muscle contraction, keeping warm)
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ -> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose -> lactic acid
What is the symbol equation for anaerobic respiration?
C₆H₁₂O₆ -> 2C₃H₆O₃
What is different between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
- Aerobic - complete oxidation; anaerobic - incomplete oxidation
- Much more energy released in aerobic respiration than anaerobic
What is fermentation?
Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells.
What is the word equation for fermentation?
Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
What are the products of fermentation used for?
- Breadmaking
- Alcohol drinks
What increases during exercise and why?
Heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume increase - to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood
When is lactic acid produced in the body?
When there is insufficient oxygen supply -> anaerobic respiration
What happens to muscles during prolonged periods of exercise?
Muscles become fatigued, stop contracting efficiently
What is oxygen debt?
The amount of oxygen needed to react with the lactic acid to remove it from cells
How is lactic acid removed?
- Lactic acid in muscles
- Transported to liver in blood
- Lactic acid converted back to glucose
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
What is energy released by respiration used for?
Enzyme-controlled processes of metabolism -> produce new molecules
Name 3 things that are synthesised or broken down by the metabolism.
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
What are carbohydrates synthesised from?
Sugars (starch, glucose, cellulose)
What are proteins formed from?
Amino acids
What are proteins synthesised from?
Amino acids from glucose and nitrate ions
