Respiration

Question 1

Respiratory major functions

Answer 1

• provided body with oxygen
• provided outlet for carbon dioxide
• contibtutes to pH level regulation of the blood

Question 2

Cyclic activity

Answer 2

Continuous alternation of
- inspiration: synchronized activity of external intercostal muscles and diaphragm. Coordinated movement increases overall volume of thoracic cavity -> decrease of air pressure within lungs
- expiration: respiratory muscles relax which leads to decreased volume of thoracic cavity, generates overpressure

Question 3

Upper and lower part of respiration

Answer 3

• Upper part of respiration is responsible for preparation of the air that reaches the lungs (inc. filtering warming up and increasing its humidity)
  Nasal cavity
  Pharynx
  Larynx
• Lower part (trachea and bronchial tubes) form pathway for air, so it can reach various parts of the lungs
  Trachea
  Lungs

Question 4

PH level regulation in the blood

Answer 4

Pressure in the air is higher than in blood, a portion of O2 in the air diffuses into the pulmonary capillaries (red blood cells) and binds to haemiglobin.
Aerobic process: transport of that blood through the body
Also transports produced CO2 partly by red blood cells but also by blood plasma. (Regulates pH)
If the CO2 is higher in blood it diffuses in the air

Question 5

Normal circumstance for respiration

Answer 5

Frequency and depth of resp. Controlled by spontaneous activity of resp. generator neurons (in medulla and pons)
Regulation based on input from chemoreceptors in the arteries and medulla from stretch receptors in lungs.

Question 6

Autonomic reflexes

Answer 6

Relying on visceroceptive input

Question 7

Average

Answer 7

Resting respiratory rate; 12-14 cycles a minute
Amount of air moved/ tidal volume: 400-500ml

Question 8

Hyperventilation

Answer 8

Automatic regulatory process or intentional depth of breath
-> do it long and loss of H+ occurs changing your pH level

Question 9

Track respiration

Answer 9

Measure expansions and contractions of chest with pneumograph transducers (strain gauge)

Good for respiratory rate but not tidal volume