Overall Flashcards

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1
Q

What is biological psych

A
  • connection between psychological and biological processes
  • psychophisologist: non invasive
  • bio. Psychologists: invasive
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2
Q

Function of nerve cells

A

Communication and processing information
Determination of behavior, motor responses ajd hysiological changes

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3
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system
- neurons and glial cells in the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system
- every other neuron and glial cell, located in ganglia in various parts of the body

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5
Q

Afferent neurons

A

Carry impulses from peripheral to CNS (input for CNS)

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6
Q

Efferent neurons

A

Carry impulses from CNS to PNS (output of CNS)

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7
Q

Sensory receptors and motor system

A

Sensory receptors are the INPUT the motor system causes OUTPUT

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8
Q

Somatic motor system

A

Controls movement of locomotor system through contraction of strained muscles

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9
Q

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

Controls vegetative (visceral) functions by impacting the activity of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands

Has 3 divisions

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10
Q

Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

A

Connected to CNS trgeoufh thoracic and lumbar segments of spinal cord via synapses

Chain of interconnected ganglia-> sympathetic trunk

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11
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)

A

Connected to neurons in brainstem (medulla and midbrain) and sacral segments of spinal cords with synapses

Parasympathetic ganglia are located in vicinity of target organs

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12
Q

Enteric nervous system

A

Less organized
Network of 400 mil neurons
Regulates functioning of gastrointestinal system

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13
Q

SNS vs PNS

A

Opposites,
E.g. SNS increases heart rate, PNS lowers it
- SNS prepared the body for phys activity (releases and uses energy via catabolic process)
- PNS leads to conservation of energy through anabolic process
=> reciprocal coupling (uncoupled and coactivational mode!

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14
Q

Excitability of nerve cells (action and resting potential)

A

Excitability due to electrical differences in (-) and outside (+) of cell (polarization).
Resting potential -90mV, maintained due to Na+-K+ pump (atp usage)
If stimulus reaches 40-20mV sodium flows into the cell starting action potential (depolarization)
Pump restores polarization (depolarization)

Myelinated axons or larger spread action potential quicker

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15
Q

Synapses

A

Located at the end terminal of axon and the dendrite of another (create synaptic cleft)

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16
Q

Striated muscles

A

Electrical impulse from nerve to start contraction and can’t pass between cells. Are voluntarily controlled and sensed (proprioception)

17
Q

Smooth muscles

A

In smooth muscles, it can spread from cell to cell due to gap junctions and may contract with no neutral input (no direct signal from nerves). Work automatically (automatic nervous system)

18
Q

Cardiac muscles

A

Own internal rythm, spreads the activation over connected cells, regulated by ANS

19
Q

Challenges is measuring biolectric activity (assessment from skin, non invasive)

A
  1. Only the summ of elementary processes can be measured
  2. Potentials that are closer to the skin are overrepresented
  3. Orientations of cells is important
  4. De- and repolarization are represented
  5. Skin has insulating properties
20
Q

Elementary steps of recording

A
  1. Obtaining the signal (if bioelectrical: electrodes) and having paste to help reduce artefacts (if not bioelectrical: it must be converted via transducer)
  2. Adjusting signal.
    Low pass filters remove or lower frequency above threshold.
    High pass filters remove frequency below threshold.
    Notch filter is sensitive to small range
    Band-pass filter allow a certain domain of frequency
    Amplifiers
  3. Displayed and stored data
21
Q

Basic terms and principles

A
  • Signal never constant, changes are artefacts. Can be caused by device or outside factors.
  • spontaneous responses, unknown stimulus
  • evoked responses, well known stimulus
  • baseline activity/ tonic activity: not necessarily resting condition, change. Tonic activity impact interpretation of evoked response
22
Q

Law of initial values

A

: law of initial values. -> higher baseline values are accompanied with lower physiological variables, like HR, BP, Respiration but not for skin conductance

23
Q

Stimulus-response specificity
Individual response stereotypy

A

Stimuli evoke similar but not identical physiological responses in individuals

Individual differences or variations

24
Q

Safety in ethics lab

A
  1. Voluntary
  2. Interruptible
  3. Data stored only with permission