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respiration Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Give the word equation for aerobic respiration.

A

Oxygen + Glucose → Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ Energy)

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2
Q

Give the balanced symbol equation for aerobic
respiration.

A

6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

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3
Q

Give the word equation for anaerobic respiration.

A

Give the word equation for anaerobic respiration.
Glucose → Lactic Acid ( Energy )

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4
Q

Give the balanced symbol equation for anaerobic respiration.

A

C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3

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5
Q

Give the word equation for anaerobic respiration that occurs in plant and yeast cells (fermentation).

A

Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide (+ Energy)

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6
Q

Give the balanced symbol equation for anaerobic respiration that occurs in plant and yeast cells (fermentation).

A

C6H12O6 ⟶ 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

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7
Q

Explain why respiration is described as an exothermic reaction and how can you tell.

A

Exothermic reactions release
heat and we know this because
humans and organisms are
warm.

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8
Q

What uses are there for the products of fermentation?

A
  1. Production of alcohol.
  2. Producing bread.
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9
Q

Why would a persons body carry out anaerobic respiration?

A

If a short burst
of energy is
required.

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10
Q

Give 2 examples of a
specialised cell that requires a
lot of energy and explain why.

A

Muscles cells require lots of
energy to move.
Sperm cells to swim to the egg.

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11
Q

Give three reasons why
organisms require energy.

A
  1. Breakdown and make
    molecules in the body.
  2. Movement
  3. Keep Warm
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12
Q

Explain how the structure of a
mitochondria allows for a high
rate of respiration.

A

Mitochondria have lots of fold
in their membrane that
increases the surface area for
respiration to take place.

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13
Q

A student set up these two experiments. Explain how
this experiment shows you that respiration is taking
place in the rodent (rat).

A

Oxygen is needed for a flame to keep going. As the
flame is using oxygen in the first example, the rat dies
because no oxygen is available for the rat to survive.
The second experiment shows that the carbon dioxide
produced by the plant from the flame is converted to
oxygen needed for the not only the flame to keep
burning but the rat to survive.

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14
Q

aerobic respiration

A
  • Requires oxygen
  • Complete oxidation of glucose molecules
  • Produces carbon dioxide as a product
  • Produces energy as a product
  • Occurs in human cells
  • Occurs in plant cells
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15
Q

anaerobic respiration

A
  • Incomplete oxidation of glucose molecules
  • Produces little energy
  • Produces lactic acid as a product
  • Produces energy as a product
  • Occurs in human cells
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16
Q

fermentation

A
  • Does not require oxygen
  • Incomplete oxidation of glucose molecules
  • Produces little energy
  • Produces carbon dioxide as a product
  • Produces energy as a product
  • Occurs in plant & yeast cells
  • Can be used to produce alcohol & bread
17
Q

State three changes that occur to
the body when we exercise.

A
  1. Heart Rate Increases
  2. Breathing Rate Increases
  3. Sweating
18
Q

explain why an increased heart rate helps the
body during exercise.

A

Increased heart rate increases the
amount of oxygenated rich blood
being pumped around the body. This
increases the rate of respiration,
making energy in cells.

19
Q

explain why an increased breathing rate helps the
body during exercise.

A

Breathing rate increases to allow an
increased amount of oxygen to enter
the blood from the alveoli.

20
Q

explain why sweating helps the
body during exercise.

A

Sweating allows our body to cool
down as the evaporation of water
from the surface of the skin will
remove excess heat.

21
Q

Use the graph to state
three reasons why person
red is fitter.

A
  1. Lower overall heart rate.
    2.Lower resting heart
    rate
  2. Resting heart rate
    returns to normal quicker.
22
Q

Process of anaerobic respiration and repaying the oxygen debt

A
  1. Vigorous exercise
  2. heart and lungs cannot supply oxygen fast enough for demand.
  3. Aerobic respiration provides less and less energy.
  4. Anaerobic respiration used to provide energy.
  5. Glucose is broken down into lactic acid.
  6. lactic acid accumulates in muscles causing fatigue.
  7. forced to stop the exercise.
  8. lactic acid transported from muscles to liver.
  9. lactic acid oxidised to CO2 plus H2O or converted back into glucose.
  10. oxygen debt has been repaid.
23
Q

Pattern of breathing observed after vigorous exercise

A
  1. As exercise starts, muscles use stored oxygen to respire.
  2. as this is exhausted lungs breathe faster and deeper to provide more oxygen to the blood.
  3. eventually breathing rate and volume reach maximum.
  4. lungs continue to breathe quickly and deeply to supply oxygen to repay oxygen debts.
  5. debt is repaid and breathing returns to normal.
24
Q

How does your fitness level affect changes in breathing when exercising?

A

A. resting rate is lower as lungs are more efficient and move more gas with each breath
B. rate increases more slowly as lungs and hearts (stroke volume) are more efficient
C. maximum rate is lower as each breath moves more gas in and out
D. rate returns to baseline much faster as oxygen debt is repaid quicker

25
Q

How are blood glucose levels controlled?

A
26
Q

Catabolic reactions

A

These breakdown large molecules into smaller ones and don’t require much energy from respiration. They are exergonic and give out energy. Examples include respiration & the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids during digestion

27
Q

Anabolic reactions

A

These are synthesis reactions where larger, complex molecules are formed. They require much more energy released from respiration and are classified as endergonic. Examples include: photosynthesis; conversion of glucose into starch, oils, proteins, cellulose and glycogen (in animals) and DNA synthesis.

28
Q

Anabolic reaction to make glycogen

A

Molecules Used - Glucose
Molecules Made - Glycogen
Purpose – Store of energy for the human body.

29
Q

Anabolic reaction to make Starch and cellulose

A

Molecules Used - Glucose
Molecules Made - Starch and cellulose.
Purpose - Starch – Store of energy Cellulose – Used to strengthen and support the cell wall in plant cells.

30
Q

Anabolic reaction to make Lipid (fat) molecule.

A

Molecules Used - Glycerol and three fatty acids.
Molecules Made - Lipid (fat) molecule.
Purpose - Store of energy in humans

31
Q

Anabolic reaction to make Amino Acids

A

Molecules Used – Glucose and Nitrate ions.
Molecules Made - Amino Acids
Purpose - Used to form proteins in organisms that help them to grow and repair.

32
Q

Anabolic reaction to make Carbon Dioxide, Water and Energy

A

Molecules Used – Glucose and Oxygen
Molecules Made - Carbon Dioxide, Water and Energy
Purpose - Used to make energy needed for all the reactions in the body.

33
Q

Anabolic reaction to make Urea

A

Molecules Used - Proteins
Molecules Made - Urea
Purpose - Excreted from the human body.

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