Respiration Flashcards
What are the three stages of aerobic respiration?
The three stages of aerobic respiration are glycolysis, krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.
In eukaryotes, electron transport chain occurs in …
…the inner membrane of mitochondria
In eukaryotes, Krebs cycle occurs in….
…the mitochondria
In eukaryotes, where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm
Prokaryotes carry out all
reactions in the…
…cytosol
Glucose is partially
broken down in…
…oxidation reactions
Glycolysis occurs […] for each […] […] oxidised.
Glycolysis occurs once for each glucose molecule oxidised.
Energy tally per occurrence in glycolysis?
2 ATP (GTP)
2 NADH
0 FADH2
Energy tally per glucose in glycolysis?
2 ATP (GTP)
2 NADH
0 FADH2
Oxidation of pyruvate occurs […] for each […] […] oxidised.
Oxidation of pyruvate occurs twice for each glucose molecule oxidised.
Energy tally per occurrence of oxidation of pyruvate?
0 ATP (GTP)
2 NADH
0 FADH2
Energy tally per glucose of oxidation of pyruvate?
0 ATP (GTP)
2 NADH
0 FADH2
Energy tally per occurrence of Krebs Cycle?
1 ATP (GTP)
3 NADH
1 FADH2
Energy tally per glucose of Krebs Cycle?
2 ATP (GTP)
6 NADH
2 FADH2
Krebs cycle occurs […] for each glucose molecule oxidised.
Krebs cycle occurs twice for each glucose molecule oxidised.
Humans, as mammals, convert pyruvate into …
…lactate.
What are the three possible fates of pyruvate?
1) Ethanol
2) Lactate
3) Acetyl CoA (citric acid cycle)
Pyruvate into ethanol or lactate occurs when…
…oxygen is absent
Pyruvate into ethanol occurs in…
…bacteria or yeast.
Pyruvate into lactate occurs in…
…humans, bacteria, or yeast
Glucose is converted into…
…pyruvate once it crosses cell membrane
Pyruvate into Acetyl CoA occurs when…
…oxygen is present
Pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA which is then funnelled into…
…the citric acid cycle in the mitochondria
Where does Pyruvate into Acetyl CoA occur?
mitochondrion
Pyruvate into ethanol or lactate occurs in the…
…cytoplasm/cytosol
The citric acid cycle occurs in…
… the mitochondrial matrix
The electron transport chain occurs in…
…the inner mitochondrial membrane
Where is pyruvate dehydrogenase located?
Within the mitochondrial matrix
What does pyruvate dehydrogenase break down?
breaks down pyruvate into acetyl CoA and CO2 by oxidative decarboxylation.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase located within the mitochondrial matrix breaks down
pyruvate to acetyl CoA and CO2 by…
…oxidative decarboxylation
.
Pyruvate has […] carbons.
Pyruvate has 3 carbons.
What is the oxidation reaction in the Oxidative Decarboxylation of Pyruvate?
- Acetyl group removed from pyruvate and added onto Coenzyme A which then becomes Acetyl CoA.
- Involves a loss of electrons
- Oxidation reaction
Oxidation is …
…loss
Reduction is…
…gain
What is the reduction reaction in the Oxidative Decarboxylation of Pyruvate?
- 1 NADH molecule formed from NAD+ by addition of a H+ ion
- Reduction reaction
- Gains electrons
What is the waste product in Oxidative Decarboxylation of Pyruvate?
CO2 (decarboxylation)
Acetyl CoA feeds…
… 2-carbon units into the citric acid cycle
Three alternative names for Citric Acid Cycle?
Citric acid cycle
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
Krebs cycle
Metabolites in the citric acid cycle
are broken down by …
…oxidation to CO2
In the citric acid cycle, the energy released is…
…‘stored’ as either ATP, NADH or FADH2
In the citric acid cycle, Oxaloacetate joins…
… to Acetyl CoA to form citrate
In the citric acid cycle, Oxaloacetate joins Acetyl CoA to form citrate which means […] carbons are added to […] carbons to make a […] carbon compound.
In the citric acid cycle, Oxaloacetate joins Acetyl CoA to form citrate which means 2 carbons are added to 4 carbons to make a 6 carbon compound.
Coenzyme A is an…
…activated carrier molecule
What does Coenzyme A (an activated carrier molecule) carry?
1) Carries Acyl groups
2) Carries energy (phosphate)
3) Carries H/electrons/reducing power
In the citric acid cycle, Citrate is Converted to…
…Isocitrate
In the citric acid cycle, Isocitrate is decarboxylated to…
…alpha-ketoglutarate
Succinate coenzyme A is formed by…
…oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate