Respiration Flashcards
What is the respiratory system?
The system refers to the ‘organs’ that are involved in breathing. These ‘organs’ include the nose, throat, larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchi and heart.
What are the group of organs in the respiratory system responsible for?
Carrying oxygen from the air to the bloodstream, and for expelling carbon dioxide.
What does Respiration mean?
Breathing
What is the function of breathing?
The function is to provide the means whereby oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide and other gases leaves the blood
The function of breathing is to provide the means whereby oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide and other gases leaves the blood. The interchange of these gases occur where?
Lungs
What is included in the upper respiratory tract?
Nose
Nasopharynx
Larynx
Inspired air contents:
Inspired Air = 21% Oxygen. 0.04% Carbon Dioxide, 78% nitrogen, and others gases.
What is included in the lower respiratory tract?
trachea, bronchi
What is included in the lungs?
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveoli
What is Tidal volume?
The volume of air moved in one normal breath. 500ml
What is a average respiration rate for an adult?
14-20 breaths/min
What is minute volume?
The amount inhaled or exhaled from a person’s lungs in one minute
What is the normal minute volume for normal breathing?
6 Litres
What flow rate on an Inhalation sedation should initially be set for each patient?
6 Litres as that is normal minute volume
How is minute volume calculated?
Tidal volume x Respiratory rate
What is the expiratory reserve volume? (Vital capacity)
5 litres
What is functional residual capacity?
It allows for breath holding and maintains the pressure of oxygen in the lungs - preventing lung collapse
What is dead space volume?
The amount of gas left unused in the respiratory tract during respiration/ 150ml
The average respiratory rate per minute in a healthy young adult is?
14-20
The amount of air that reaches the alveoli during inspiration is…
350ml
What is the structure called where carbon dioxide is diffused through the capillary walls/membrane and is the expelled/expired via this structure?
Alveoli
At rest an adult inhales and exhales approx 500ml of air with each breath. What is the correct term given to this?
Tidal volume
This structure helps in the transferring of messages between various parts of the brain, regulating blood pressure an breathing. What is the name of this structure?
Medulla Oblongata
The right lung has how many lobes?
3
Amount of oxygen we expire?
16%
Amount of oxygen we inspire?
21%
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2 lobes
Respiration is controlled by?
The brain
The serious membrane enveloping each lung us called thhe..
Pleura
The blood supply that brings blood to the alveoli via the…
Pulmonary artery
Oxygenated blood leaves the alveoli via the
Pulmonary vein
The total lung capacity is
6 lires 6000ml
The volume of air breathed per minute is called
Minute volume
When a patient is firstly administered an intravenous benzodiazepine drug the respiration rate will?
Increase
If an increase in carbon dioxide levels is noted ..
The patient will have an increase in their respiration rate
If the respiratory or cardiovascular activity drops below 90% on the pulse oximeter the second appropriate person should..
Assess the patient
Nasal cannulation would be administered to the patient at a flow rate of
2-4 litres
The residual amount of air left in the lungs atfter exhaling is
1.5 litres 1500ml
What is the respiratory center responsible for?
Responsible for breathing.
How fast, how deep etc
What do the central chemoreceptors do?
Gather information to tell the respiratory center. such as Co2 and PH levels
What do the peripheral chemoreceptors do?
Gather information to tell respiratory center such as 02 levels.
Located outside the brain in the carotid and aortic bodies .
Where is the respiratory center?
In the brain
Where are the central chemoreceptors?
Brain
What is tidal volume?
Each breath.
The amount of air which moves in or out of the lungs each breath. 500ml
What is dead space volume?
Aid that is inhaled and does not take part in gas exchange.
150ml remains in respiratory passage
What is inspiration reserve volume?
The max amount of additional air that can be taken into the lungs after a normal breath
What is expiratory reserve volume?
The max amount of additional air that can be forced out of the lungs after a normal breath
What is residual volume?
Amount left in lungs after max out breath. 1.5 litres
What is vital capacity?
Max amount of air that can be breathed out after breathing in as much air as possible
What is minute volume?
Volume breathed in per minute = 6/7 litres per min
What is Alkalosis?
Caused by over breathing. Via hyperventilation
