Exam questions Flashcards
Gas cylinders are different colours depending upon their content. If the cylinder was coloured blue what would it contain?
Nitrous Oxide.
You have greeted your patient who attends for Inhalation Sedation- they have not brought an escort with them. What action does the dental team take?
Say it will be alright and carry on.
What does MAC stand for?
Minimum Alveolar Concentration.
When referring to gases what does MAC relate to?
Potency of the gas.
Who has the legal responsibility for checking the inhalation sedation machine?
The treating Dental Clinician.
What is the time weighted average (TWA) for staff working with nitrous oxide?
100ppm over an 8 hour time period.
What does a half full nitrous oxide cylinder contain?
Gas above a liquid.
What does a full oxygen cylinder contain?
Gas.
Which structure within the respiratory system are also known as air sacs?
Alveoli.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged when we breathe. The oxygen is taken into our body and the carbon dioxide is exhaled. Where does gaseous exchange take place?
Alveoli.
You are working with a dentist and a small bracket has been dropped. If the item was lost down the oropharynx, which lung would it most likely go in to?
The right lung.
There are two lungs situated in the thoracic cavity with the heart. One is larger than the other. Which lung is the smallest?
The left lung.
Breathing is an involuntary action and is dependent upon something happening to the body. Which substance drives breathing?
Carbon Dioxide.
What are the air passages within the respiratory system lined with?
Cilia.
Which lung is higher up?
The right lung
Medical terminology can be difficult for patients to understand. Which structure within the respiratory system is also known as the voice box?
The Larynx.
Which structure within the respiratory system contains the thyroid cartilage?
The Larynx.
Which substance within the respiratory structure is a waste product?
Carbon Dioxide.
What are red blood cells also known as?
Erythrocytes.
Which cell within blood is responsible for clotting?
Platelets.
Which of the pulmonary structures carries deoxygenated blood?
The pulmonary artery.
Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
Mitral. / Bicuspid
In the heart, which structure separates the right side from the left?
Septum.
If a patient has a hole in their heart, which part of the heart would be damaged?
Septum.
What is the generic name of Anexate?
Flumazenil.
When dealing with an unconscious casualty how long should you check if the patient is breathing?
10 seconds.
During a cardio pulmonary resuscitation how deep should the chest compressions be?
5-7 cm
During a cardio pulmonary resuscitation how often should the pulse be rechecked?
Never
What percentage of oxygen does the ambu bag deliver to the patient when attatched to the emergency oxygen supply?
98%
What position should an unconscious casualty who is breathing be put in?
Recovery position
Which drug is the drug of choice given for acute major anaphylaxis??
Adrenaline 1:1000
What is the most common cause of airway obstruction?
Tongue
How is an OP airway mesasured?
From the angle of the mandible to the corner of the mouth
How much oxygen does expired air contain?
16%
What is meant by the term dead space?
The amount of gas left unused in the respiratory tract during repiration
If the rescuers efforts fail to inflate the lungs during resuscitation the rescuers firstly..
Reposition the head
Ideally, following the removal of an indwelling needle you should apply to the venepuncture site:
A pressure dressing
Before IV injection, pressure is applied to the upper arm. At what point should this pressure be released?
Immediately blood is drawn into the syringe
Common side effect of iv sedation?
Amnesia
Before administering either iv or ihs it is important for the clinician to:
Obtain pt consent
What is the maximum acceptable occupational exposure to nitrous oxide for personnel in UK
100ppm
What is the half life of Temazepam?
3-13 hours
How are IV agents carried to the site of action in the brain?
The plasma
What is the main advantage of using diprivan for iv sedation?
It has a rapid elimination & recovery
Which drug is administered according to body weight?
Diprivan
What is the initial dose of flumazenil given when a patient becomes over sedated with IV benzodiazepine sedation?
200mcg
What is meant by the term diffusion hypoxia?
When nitrous oxide occupies space in lungs at the expense of oxygen
What size are the cylinders on the IHS machine?
Size E
What is the pressure of a full oxygen cylinder?
2000lbs PSI
What is the weight of an empty E size nitrous oxide cylinder?
12lbs
What is the name of the active metabolite produced by Diazepam?
Desmethyldiazepam
What does GABA stand for?
Gamma aminobutyric acid
How long is a patient kept in recovery following tx under IV sedation with midazolam?
At least one hour from the time of the last increment
What is the MAC of nitrous oxide?
105
What year was the poswillo report carried out?
1990
What would a patient feel if a drug was introduced into an artery?
Pain radiating down the arm
Name the nerve in the on medical aspect of the antecubital fossa?
Median nerve
The amount of air that reaches the alveoli during inspiration is?
350ml
Trachea has which shaped cartilage in its walls?
C shaped
External respiration involves:
Transfer of oxygen n carbon dioxide in the alveoli
Inspired air contains how much oxygen?
21%
The nerves which reduce the lumen of the blood vessels are called?
Vasoconstrictors
What is meant by the mean arterial pressure?
The average pressure pushing blood through the circulatory system?
The MDM RA machine safety features include-
Nitrous oxide cut off if oxygen supply fails
Bradycardia is..
A slow pulse rate
A small flashback of blood during the cannulation period indicated..
The cannula is in the lumen of the vein
An over sedated RA patient might exhibit the following..
Anxiety and disorientation
Arteries…
Have a thick layer of smooth muscle than a vein
