Respiration Flashcards
What is cellular respiration?
An exothermic reaction that continuously occurs in the mitochondria of living cells to supply the cells with oxygen.
What are examples of uses of the energy released from respiration?
Build larger molecules
Muscle contraction
Keeping warm
What is aerobic respiration?
The complete oxidation of glucose - large amount of energy is released. Requires oxygen.
What is anaerobic respiration?
The incomplete oxidation of glucose - much less energy is released than from aerobic respiration. Doesn’t require oxygen.
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?
Glucose –> lactic acid
What is fermentation?
Anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells converts glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is called fermentation. Used for making bread and alcohol.
What is the body’s response to exercise?
The body reacts to the increased demand for energy. To supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood, heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume all increase. If insufficient oxygen is supplied, anaerobic respiration takes place , leading to the build up of lactic acid. Muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently.
What happens after exercise?
Lactic acid accumulated during exercise and anaerobic respiration needs to be removed.
What is oxygen debt?
The amount of oxygen needed to react with the lactic acid to remove it from cells.
What are the steps of removal of lactic acid?
Lactic acid in the muscles
Transported to the liver in the blood
Lactic acid is converted back to glucose
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
What is the energy released in respiration used for?
Continual enzyme-controlled processes of metabolism that produce new molecules.
What do metabolic processes include?
Synthesis of carbohydrates from sugars and breakdown of glucose
Synthesis of amino acids from glucose and nitrate ions
Amino acids used to form proteins
Excess proteins broken down to produce urea
Synthesis of lipids from glycerol (one molecule) and fatty acid (3 molecules)
