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biology > respiration > Flashcards

respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

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2
Q

what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals

A

Glucose → Lactic Acid

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3
Q

what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast

A

glucose ⟶ ethanol + carbon dioxide.

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4
Q

what sports require anaerobic respiration

A

high intensity. E.g. sprinting

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5
Q

what is the downside of anaerobic respiration(2)

A

muscle can become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently. build up of lactic acid can lead to cramps.

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6
Q

why does anaerobic respiration kill yeast

A

build up of ethanol becomes toxic to yeast over time

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7
Q

what are the products of anaerobic respiration in yeast used for(2)

A

CO2 used to make bread rise, ethanol is used for alcohol

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8
Q

what happens in the cytoplasm(2)

A

enzymes are made, anaerobic respiration reactions happen

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9
Q

what does the nucleus contain

A

genetic code for enzymes involved in respiration

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10
Q

what does the mitochondria do

A

carries out aerobic respiration and provides the cell with energy

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11
Q

what does the cell membrane do

A

allows gasses and water to pass freely in and out of it. Controls the passage of other molecules.

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12
Q

What happens to breathing rate and body temperature during exercise and why

A

Both increase as blood flow to the muscles increase as more oxygen and glucose is needed for energy. This means more CO2 is removed. Respiration gives heat as a byproduct.

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13
Q

What colour does limewater turn in the prescience of CO2

A

Cloudy

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14
Q

What is metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical reactions that happen in a living organism.

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15
Q

What does metabolism include(4)

A

Digestion, respiration, protein synthesis(plant) and photosynthesis(plant)

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16
Q

What is the difference between synthesis and breakdown reactions

A

Breakdowns make smaller less complicated molecules while synthesis makes larger more complex molecules

17
Q

what does cell respiration mean

A

biochemical pathway that allows the release of energy from glucose. exothermic reaction

18
Q

why do mitochondria have folded inner membranes

A

larger SA

19
Q

what happens during and after vigorous exercise(9)

A

heart and lungs cant supply oxygen fast enough to fill demand, aerobic respiration produces less energy, anaerobic respiration provides energy, glucose is broken down into lactic acid, lactic acid accumulates in muscles causing fatigue, forced to stop exercise, lactic acid taken from muscles to the liver, lactic acid oxidised to carbon dioxide and water, oxygen debt is repaid

20
Q

why does anaerobic respiration release less energy

A

doesn’t break down glucose as completely, lactic acid traps some glucose, its not oxidised

21
Q

what does repaying the oxygen debt mean

A

oxidising the lactic acid

22
Q

what sort of molecule is glycogen

A

a carbohydrate used as an energy source

23
Q

what is glycogen made of

A

glucose joined in chains

24
Q

where is glycogen found

A

liver and muscles in animals

25
Q

when is glycogen made

A

when blood glucose levels are high

26
Q

which hormone promotes glycogen formation

A

insulin

27
Q

when is glycogen used

A

when blood sugar levels drop

28
Q

how is glycogen used

A

broken down into glucose molecules which are then used fore respiration

29
Q

what are catabolic reactions

A

breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones. doesn’t use much energy. example is excess amino acid breakdown

30
Q

where are amino acids broken down

A

liver

31
Q

what happens to the waste product when amino acids are broken down

A

amino acids become UREA which enters the blood and is taken to the kidneys. it leaves the blood in the urine

32
Q

what is needed to synthesise lipids

A

glycerol and fatty acids

33
Q

what is needed to convert glucose into amino acids in plants

A

nitrates

34
Q

why doesn’t bread taste like alcohol

A

most alcohol evaporates while cooking

35
Q

why does a trained athlete’s heart beat slower

A

exercise strengthens the heart so it pumps more blood with each beat so it doesn’t need to beat as many times to provide the same amount of oxygen

biology (4 decks)

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