Respiration Flashcards
Respiration
Process of breaking down glucose into energy
Catabolic reaction
A process whereby large molecules are broken up into smaller parts
Anabolic reaction
A process of synthesis to form complex molecules from simple parts
Aerobic reaction
Respiration taking place in the presence of oxygen
Anaerobic reaction
Respiration taking place without the presence of oxygen
5 reasons for why we need energy
- Growth
- Movement
- Transport of substances
- Protein synthesis
- Sending nerve impulses
Requirements and products of aerobic respiration
Required: oxygen, glucose
Products: carbon dioxide, water, energy
Chemical equation for cellular respiration
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6 H20 + 38 ATP
WORD EQUATION for cellular respiration
Glucose + oxygen -> water + carbon dioxide + energy
What does the most efficient form of respiration produce
38 ATP
What is the first step of aerobic respiration and what are the products and processes involved?
The first step of aerobic respiration is Glycolysis. It involves the following processes and products:
Process: Breakdown of glucose in a catabolic reaction
Products:
6 Carbon glucose molecule is broken down in the cytosol
6 Carbon is broken into 2x 3 Carbon molecules, aka pyruvic acid
2 H ions are produced and carried away to the krebs cycle by NADH
2 net ATP is produced. i.e. 4 is produced and 2 is used
What is the second step of aerobic respiration and what are the products and processes involved?
The second step of aerobic respiration is the Linking step between glycolysis and the krebs cycle. It involves the following processes and products:
Process: Preparation of 2x pyruvic acid molecules for their entry into the krebs cycle
Products:
2x 3 Carbon becomes: 2x 2 Carbon
CO2 is released from each pyruvate making it now from a 3 Carbon molecule into a 2 Carbon molecule(Acetyl)
2 H ions are released
NAD becomes reduced into the form NADH as it picks up 1 H ion from each pyruvate
Acetyl Coenzyme A is formed
Acetyl combines with coenzyme A to form Acetyl Coenzyme A
What is the Krebs Cycle?
The Krebs Cycle is a cycle of reactions that takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria where oxygen is required and ATP is produced. It involves the following processes and products:
What are the processes of the Krebs cycle?
Process: Acetyl Coenzyme A is broken up multiple times per krebs cycle until the carbon is depleted
What are the products of the Krebs cycle?
Products:
1 ATP molecules are produced 4 H is produced PER CYCLE
3 H is carried by NADH (high energy)
1 H is carried by FADH (low energy)
1 Carbon atom is lost per cycle
The carbon binds with the oxygen and is released through the cell as CO2
The cycle repeats twice
2 ATP molecules are produced 8 H is therefore produced
6 H is carried by NADH and 2 H is carried by FADH
NADH = 3 ATP (high energy) FADH = 2 ATP (low energy)
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
Oxidative phosphorylation is a process that converts the NADH and FADH produced during the Krebs Cycle and other phases to ATP with a grand total of 38 ATP produced.
How is AtP produced in oxidative phosphorylation? Process and products
Process:
ATP production through the conversion of NADH and FADH
Products:
ATP produced in each phase:
Glycolysis: Net 2 ATP, 2 NADH (6 ATP)
Linking Reaction: 2 NADH (6 ATP)
Krebs Cycle: 2 ATP, 6 NADH (18 ATP), 2 FADH (4 ATP)
Total: 38 ATP
What is anaerobic respiration and how does it differ from aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration is a process that breaks down glucose without the presence of oxygen. It takes place only in the cytoplasm of a cell and produces only 2 ATP, which is much less than the ATP produced during aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration, on the other hand, requires oxygen and produces a total of 38 ATP through glycolysis, the linking step, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
What are the differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration
Aerobic
Anaerobic
O2 is required
O2 is not required
38 ATP is formed
2 ATP is formed
Takes place in the mitochondria and cytoplasm
Takes place in the cytoplasm only
what are the similarities between anaerobic and aerobic respiration
ATP is produced in both
Both are catabolic reactions
Glucose is a raw material in both
CO₂ is produced in both
