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Life Sciences grade 11 > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Respiration

A

Process of breaking down glucose into energy

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2
Q

Catabolic reaction

A

A process whereby large molecules are broken up into smaller parts

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3
Q

Anabolic reaction

A

A process of synthesis to form complex molecules from simple parts

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4
Q

Aerobic reaction

A

Respiration taking place in the presence of oxygen

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5
Q

Anaerobic reaction

A

Respiration taking place without the presence of oxygen

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6
Q

5 reasons for why we need energy

A
  1. Growth
  2. Movement
  3. Transport of substances
  4. Protein synthesis
  5. Sending nerve impulses
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7
Q

Requirements and products of aerobic respiration

A

Required: oxygen, glucose
Products: carbon dioxide, water, energy

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8
Q

Chemical equation for cellular respiration

A

6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6 H20 + 38 ATP

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9
Q

WORD EQUATION for cellular respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen -> water + carbon dioxide + energy

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10
Q

What does the most efficient form of respiration produce

A

38 ATP

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11
Q

What is the first step of aerobic respiration and what are the products and processes involved?

A

The first step of aerobic respiration is Glycolysis. It involves the following processes and products:

Process: Breakdown of glucose in a catabolic reaction
Products:
6 Carbon glucose molecule is broken down in the cytosol
6 Carbon is broken into 2x 3 Carbon molecules, aka pyruvic acid
2 H ions are produced and carried away to the krebs cycle by NADH
2 net ATP is produced. i.e. 4 is produced and 2 is used

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12
Q

What is the second step of aerobic respiration and what are the products and processes involved?

A

The second step of aerobic respiration is the Linking step between glycolysis and the krebs cycle. It involves the following processes and products:

Process: Preparation of 2x pyruvic acid molecules for their entry into the krebs cycle
Products:
2x 3 Carbon becomes: 2x 2 Carbon
CO2 is released from each pyruvate making it now from a 3 Carbon molecule into a 2 Carbon molecule(Acetyl)
2 H ions are released
NAD becomes reduced into the form NADH as it picks up 1 H ion from each pyruvate
Acetyl Coenzyme A is formed
Acetyl combines with coenzyme A to form Acetyl Coenzyme A

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13
Q

What is the Krebs Cycle?

A

The Krebs Cycle is a cycle of reactions that takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria where oxygen is required and ATP is produced. It involves the following processes and products:

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14
Q

What are the processes of the Krebs cycle?

A

Process: Acetyl Coenzyme A is broken up multiple times per krebs cycle until the carbon is depleted

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15
Q

What are the products of the Krebs cycle?

A

Products:
1 ATP molecules are produced 4 H is produced PER CYCLE
3 H is carried by NADH (high energy)
1 H is carried by FADH (low energy)
1 Carbon atom is lost per cycle
The carbon binds with the oxygen and is released through the cell as CO2
The cycle repeats twice
2 ATP molecules are produced 8 H is therefore produced
6 H is carried by NADH and 2 H is carried by FADH
NADH = 3 ATP (high energy) FADH = 2 ATP (low energy)

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16
Q

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation is a process that converts the NADH and FADH produced during the Krebs Cycle and other phases to ATP with a grand total of 38 ATP produced.

17
Q

How is AtP produced in oxidative phosphorylation? Process and products

A

Process:
ATP production through the conversion of NADH and FADH

Products:
ATP produced in each phase:
Glycolysis: Net 2 ATP, 2 NADH (6 ATP)
Linking Reaction: 2 NADH (6 ATP)
Krebs Cycle: 2 ATP, 6 NADH (18 ATP), 2 FADH (4 ATP)
Total: 38 ATP

18
Q

What is anaerobic respiration and how does it differ from aerobic respiration?

A

Anaerobic respiration is a process that breaks down glucose without the presence of oxygen. It takes place only in the cytoplasm of a cell and produces only 2 ATP, which is much less than the ATP produced during aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration, on the other hand, requires oxygen and produces a total of 38 ATP through glycolysis, the linking step, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

19
Q

What are the differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration

A

Aerobic
Anaerobic

O2 is required
O2 is not required

38 ATP is formed
2 ATP is formed

Takes place in the mitochondria and cytoplasm
Takes place in the cytoplasm only

20
Q

what are the similarities between anaerobic and aerobic respiration

A

ATP is produced in both
Both are catabolic reactions
Glucose is a raw material in both
CO₂ is produced in both

Life Sciences grade 11 (7 decks)

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