respiration

Question 1

the full name for ATP is

Answer 1

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 2

nucleic acids are built from -____________

Answer 2

nucleotides

Question 3

all nucleotides contain ___________, ________ and __________

Answer 3

nitrogenous base(adenine for ATP)
Phosphate group and a pentose sugar

Question 4

____________ is a type of a nucleotide that is made by addition of one or more phosphate groups to a molecule.

Answer 4

Phosphorylated nucleotide

Question 5

True or False.
ATP is essentially the adenine nucleotide with two extra phosphate groups added to it.

Answer 5

True.
The adenine nucleotide already has one phosphate group so adding two would make it three.

Question 6

when the bonds that hold the third phosphate group is broken, is energy gained or released from the ATP cell?

Answer 6

Released

Question 7

where does the energy to make ATP cells come from?

Answer 7

sunlight or food. This is because ATP is made both in photosynthesis and respiration

Question 8

removing the third phosphate from ATP leaves a phosphorylated nucleotide with two nucleotides called_________

Answer 8

Adenosine di-phosphate

Question 9

True or False.
All living things respire all the time to produce ATP

Answer 9

True

Question 10

_________ is the enzyme involved in the formation of ATP.

Answer 10

ATP synthase

Question 11

List 3 reasons how ATP is adapted to its job

Answer 11

1. It releases energy in small amount just enough for the needed amount
   2.It releases energy in a single step hydrolysis
2. It moves around the cell but does not move out of the cell.

Question 12

List the number of processes that require ATP

Answer 12

Initial stage of respiration
Muscle contraction
Conduction of nerve impulse
synthesis of macromolecules like proteins
Active transport

Question 13

what are the two pathways by which respiration produce ATP?

Answer 13

The aerobic pathway – this requires the
presence of oxygen
the anaerobic pathway – this can take place in the absence of oxygen

Question 14

A small amount of ATP is produced in a way that does not involve
the ATP synthase molecule; this method is called ____________

Answer 14

substrate level phosphorylation. It is when another molecule (substrate)
is able to transfer a phosphate
group directly to ADP

Question 15

true or false. ATP synthase is involved in the substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 15

False, but the process of transferring a phosphate group from molecules like phosphoenol pyruvate to ADP is still catalyzed by an enzyme, just not ATP synthase

Question 16

_______% of the ATP produced in aerobic respiration is produced by ATP synthase.

Answer 16

90

Question 17

________ are organic molecules that can be
respired

Answer 17

respiratory substrates

Question 18

_____ is to decrease the oxidation
state of a substance

Answer 18

reduce

Question 19

_____ is to increase the oxidation
state of a substance

Answer 19

oxidise

Question 20

what are the four stages of aerobic respiration?

Answer 20

glycolysis
the link reaction
Krebs cycle
electron transport and chemiosmosis

Question 21

what are the two molecules involved in the transfer of molecules?

Answer 21

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
Flavine Adenine Dinucleotide

Question 22

true of false
In reduction, a particle gains a hydrogen or electrons.

Answer 22

True. In reduction, a particle loses oxygen, gains hydrogen or gains electrons

Question 23

the two process of reduction and oxidization always happen together in a reaction called ______.

Answer 23

Redox

Question 24

The first stage, glycolysis,takes place in the

Answer 24

cytoplasm. Unlike the rest of the process, it does not take place in the mitochondria because the glucose molecule cannot pass through and there is no carrier protein to carry it.

Question 25

describe the process of glycolysis

Answer 25

It is the splittling of the glucose molecule into a three carbon molecule-pyruvate

Question 26

what happens to the pyruvate made in the glycolysis once it is in the link reaction?

Answer 26

It is further split into a two carbon molecule

Question 27

________ is the fluid in the
mitochondrion in which the
reactions of the Krebs cycle
take place

Answer 27

matrix

Question 28

________ is a series of molecules along which
electrons travel

Answer 28

electron transport chain

Question 29

__________ is the oxygen-dependent production
of ATP

Answer 29

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 30

what are the protons used for in the aerobic respiration parthway for making ATP?

Answer 30

they are used for the chemiosmosis synthesis of ATP

Question 31

what is the only energy releasing process in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 31

Glycolysis