Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Respiration

A

The controlled release of energy from food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

A

Aerobic: Oxygen is essential

Anaerobic: Oxygen isn’t needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Draw a diagram of a mitochondrion

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an NAD

A

They transport protons and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical reactions in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is stage 1 of respiration of a 6 carbon sugar

A

Glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What molecule is released in stage 1 of respiration of a 6 carbon sugar

A

ATP, Adenosine Triphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Write a balanced chemical formula for Aerobic Respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——> 6CO2 + 6H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain how ATP is formed

A

ADP+P or Adenosine diphosphate + phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the 3 carbon molecule formed in stage 1 of aerobic respiration

A

Pyruvic Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain how NADH is formed

A

NAD+ picks up a proton and 2 electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the 2 carbon molecule formed after pyruvic acid enters the mitochondrion

A

Acetyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What’s the product of respiration in human muscles

A

Lactic Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the advantages of a cell using ATP as an energy source

A

Energy is available for immediate use

Energy is easily recycled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the nitrogenous base in ATP

A

Adenine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the sugar found in ATP

A

Ribose

17
Q

Name a human storage polysaccharide

A

Glycogen

18
Q

Define Aerobic Respiration

A

The release of energy from food with the presence of O2

19
Q

Define Anaerobic Respiration

A

The release of energy from food without requiring the presence of oxygen

20
Q

Define Fermentation

A

Another name for anaerobic respiration

21
Q

Define Glycolysis

A

The conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid

22
Q

Define Biotechnology

A

The use of living things to manufacture useful products or carry out useful reactions

23
Q

Name the 2 stages of Aerobic respiration

A

Stage 1: Glycolysis

Stage 2: Krebs cycle and elecctron transport chain

24
Q

Outline the process of Glycolysis (stage 1 of aerobic respiration)

A

Takes place in the cytosol

Doesn’t require oxygen (anaerobic)

Forms 2 ATP molecules

Forms pyruvic acid as an end product

Small amount of energy is released

25
Q

Outline stage 2 of aerobic respiration

A

This stage requires oxygen

Pyruvic Acid enters a mitochondrion and loses a carbon dioxide molecule

A two-carbon (C2) molecule is formed called Acetyl coenzyme A (Acetyl CoA)

Pyruvic Acid also loses two high energy electrons and a proton which combine with NAD+
NAD+ + 2e- + H+ ——> NADH

26
Q

Outline the Krebs Cycle

A

Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle

Acetyl CoA is broken down into Co2 + protons in a series of reactions

The energy in Acetyl CoA is released in the form of high energy electrons

These high energy electrons, along with protons combine with NAD+ to form NADH (NADH molecules enter Electron Transport Chain)

During the Krebs Cycle a single ADP+P is converted to ATP + water

27
Q

Outline the events of the Electron Transport Chain

A

Located on inner membrane of mitochondrion, infoldings increase the S.A

Electron Transport Chain consists of a number of molecules mainly proteins

High energy electrons are passed from NADH to the first of these molecules

Electrons pass from molecule to molecule and lose some of their energy

Energy released from the electrons from ADP+P —> ATP + water (the rest of the energy is lost as heat)

At the end of the system, low energy electrons are removed by combining with oxygen+hydrogen to form water

28
Q

Outline the steps in Anaerobic Respiration

A

Anaerobic respiration can occur in the presence of O2 but doesn’t need it

Takes place in the cytosol

In plants + bacteria
2 pyruvic acid converted to 2 lactic acid

In plants + yeast
2 Ethanol + 2 CO2

Lactic acid builds up and causes cramps

29
Q

Name the microorganisms used in Bioprocessing and their products

A

Bacteria:
Ethanol —> Beer and wine

Yeasts:
Ethanol —> Beer and wine

Fungi:
Antibiotics —> Treat bacterial infections

30
Q

To show the production of alcohol by yeast experiment

Outline the steps involved

A

Dissolve Glucose in water

Boil the solution (forms anaerobic conditions)

Add dried yeast

Cover liquid with oil (prevents oxygen from re-entering solution)

Apparatus placed in 30 degree water bath (optimum respiration temperature)

Bubbles of Co2 will be seen in limewater

Fermentation is complete when bubbles stop forming

31
Q

To Show the production of ethanol experiment

Outline the Method

A

Potassium iodide added to filtrate

Sodium hypochlorite added

Place in water bath at 50-60 degrees

Positive result is Pale Yellow Crystals

32
Q

To show alcohol is produced

Outline the method

A

Acidified potassium dichromate added

Placed in warm water bath

Positive result is an Orange to Green colour change

Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions