Cell Diversity Flashcards
Define Prokaryote
A cell without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Why don’t red blood cells have a nucleus
As it would require some oxygen that they’re carrying to give energy
Describe structure of phloem
have sieve plates at their ends to pump sap up and down the plant
Describe structure of red blood cells
Small and biconcave in shape
Describe structure of muscle cells
Long and thin and are contractile
Describe structure of sperm cells
Only have one set of chromosomes (Haploid) and are motile
Define Bioreactor
Vessel in which bioprocessing takes place
Define Bioprocessing
Uses living cells or their components to make useful products
Define Tissue
A group of cells working together to carry out a particular function
Describe Connective Tissue
Supports other tissue and binds them together e.g bone and cartilage
Describe Epithelial Tissue
Provides covering on various parts of the body e.g skin (epidermis)
Describe Nerve Tissue
Composed of very specialised cells called neurons, used to carry messages to and from various parts of the body
Define Vascular tissue and describe the different types
Conducts material in solution from one part of a plant to another
Xylem: Carries water and dissolved material throughout the plant, walls thickened with Lignin
Phloem: Carries sugar and small amounts of protein throughout the plant, consists of sieve tube and companion cell
Name the 4 types of plant tissues
Vascular
Ground
Dermal
Meristematic
Describe the 2 types of plant dermal tissue
Epidermal:
Covers the outer layer of the plant
Waxy layer called cuticle
Contains holes called stomata for gaseous exchange
Endodermal:
Forms a layer inside the root around vascular tissue
Describe plant ground tissue and its 2 types
Composed of unspecialised cells that make up the bulk of non woody plants
Parenchyma: This is the general packing and storage tissue found in the stem and root
Mesophyll: Found in the leaf as the palisade layer, rich in chloroplast
Outline Functions of Ground Tissue
Photosynthesis in leaves
Food storage in leaves e.g cabbage
Transport of water and dissolved salts from root hair to vascular tissue
Describe meristematic tissue and its functions
Rapidly dividing tissue (cambium)
Found in the top of roots, shoots and buds and found in vascular bundles between xylem and phloem
Function:
Produce new cells and enable the plant to grow in length and width
Define a Tissue Culture and its applications
Growing cells outside the body on a sterile, nutrient dense medium
Applications: Skin grafts Growing human cells for cancer research Micropropagation in plants Stem cell research
