Cell Diversity

Question 1

Define Prokaryote

Answer 1

A cell without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Question 2

Why don’t red blood cells have a nucleus

Answer 2

As it would require some oxygen that they’re carrying to give energy

Question 3

Describe structure of phloem

Answer 3

have sieve plates at their ends to pump sap up and down the plant

Question 4

Describe structure of red blood cells

Answer 4

Small and biconcave in shape

Question 5

Describe structure of muscle cells

Answer 5

Long and thin and are contractile

Question 6

Describe structure of sperm cells

Answer 6

Only have one set of chromosomes (Haploid) and are motile

Question 7

Define Bioreactor

Answer 7

Vessel in which bioprocessing takes place

Question 8

Define Bioprocessing

Answer 8

Uses living cells or their components to make useful products

Question 9

Define Tissue

Answer 9

A group of cells working together to carry out a particular function

Question 10

Describe Connective Tissue

Answer 10

Supports other tissue and binds them together e.g bone and cartilage

Question 11

Describe Epithelial Tissue

Answer 11

Provides covering on various parts of the body e.g skin (epidermis)

Question 12

Describe Nerve Tissue

Answer 12

Composed of very specialised cells called neurons, used to carry messages to and from various parts of the body

Question 13

Define Vascular tissue and describe the different types

Answer 13

Conducts material in solution from one part of a plant to another

Xylem: Carries water and dissolved material throughout the plant, walls thickened with Lignin

Phloem: Carries sugar and small amounts of protein throughout the plant, consists of sieve tube and companion cell

Question 14

Name the 4 types of plant tissues

Answer 14

Vascular
Ground
Dermal
Meristematic

Question 15

Describe the 2 types of plant dermal tissue

Answer 15

Epidermal:
Covers the outer layer of the plant
Waxy layer called cuticle
Contains holes called stomata for gaseous exchange

Endodermal:
Forms a layer inside the root around vascular tissue

Question 16

Describe plant ground tissue and its 2 types

Answer 16

Composed of unspecialised cells that make up the bulk of non woody plants

Parenchyma: This is the general packing and storage tissue found in the stem and root

Mesophyll: Found in the leaf as the palisade layer, rich in chloroplast

Question 17

Outline Functions of Ground Tissue

Answer 17

Photosynthesis in leaves

Food storage in leaves e.g cabbage

Transport of water and dissolved salts from root hair to vascular tissue

Question 18

Describe meristematic tissue and its functions

Answer 18

Rapidly dividing tissue (cambium)
Found in the top of roots, shoots and buds and found in vascular bundles between xylem and phloem

Function:
Produce new cells and enable the plant to grow in length and width

Question 19

Define a Tissue Culture and its applications

Answer 19

Growing cells outside the body on a sterile, nutrient dense medium

Applications: 
Skin grafts 
Growing human cells for cancer research
Micropropagation in plants 
Stem cell research