Respiration Flashcards
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
Phosphorylation that occurs on the inner membranes of mitochondria in aerobic respiration
Energy comes from REDOX reactions
What is photophosphorylation
Occurs on thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts in light dependent reaction
Energy comes from light and is released from electron carriers
Substrate level phosphorylation
Occurs when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules or when enough energy is released to bing ADP to Pi
What is the overall equation for Glycolysis?
Glucose + 2ATP -> 4 ATP + 2Reduced NAD + 2Pyruvate
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
Is glycolysis aerobic?
No it’s anaerobic as it doesn’t require oxygen
Why can’t cells rely on only glycolysis?
There isn’t enough ATP produced to support cell metabolism
What happens in glycolysis?
Glucose (substrate level phosphorylation with 2ATP) Glucose Diphosphate (splits) 2Triose Phosphate (dehydrogenase) 2H reduce NAD to Reduced NAD (substrate level phosphorylation) 2ATP produced from each Pyruvate molecule formed
Where does the link reaction occur?
Matrix of the mitochondria
How do the products of glycolysis move into the matrix?
Active Transport
What is the overall equation for the link reaction?
Pyruvate + CoA -> Reduced NAD + CO2 + Acetyl CoA
Overall what does one turn of the Krebs Cycle produce?
One ATP by substrate level phosphorylation
Three molecules of Reduced NAD
One molecule of Reduced FAD
Two molecules of CO2
What is the total number of ATP molecules produced in respiration
38
Why is 38 only a theoretical yield of ATP?
Leaky membranes where H+ can leak across
Active transport of ATP and Pyruvate into mitochondria
Actually 30-32
How many proton pumps are used in respiration vs photosynthesis?
3 vs 1
although two for Reduced FAD
If no oxygen is present which stage of respiration takes place?
Glycolysis
What reaction must take place for glycolysis to continue?
Oxidation of Reduced NAD to NAD
In animals what is the end stage of glycolysis?
Pyruvate is reduced by Reduced NAD to produce NAD (for glycolysis to occur again) converting it into lactate
In bacteria and some fungi what is the end stage of glycolysis?
Pyruvate undergoes decarboxylation to produce CO2 and Ethanal which is
reduced by Reduced NAD to produce NAD (for glycolysis to occur again) converting it into Ethanol
Fermentation
Why is ATP the universal energy currency?
It supplies energy to all reactions in all cells
What are three advantages of ATP?
Soluble
Easily transported across membranes
Only one enzyme needed
Energy released in usable amounts
