Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR1125 > Respi (NP + Patho) > Flashcards

Respi (NP + Patho) Flashcards

1
Q

list 2 investigation for COPD

A
  1. pulmonary function test
  2. AAT deficiency screening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the 2 characteristic of COPD

A
  1. chronic bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchial tube, resulting in hypersecretion of mucus in the airway)
  2. emphysema (alveoli destruction)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which bacteria cause lobar pneumonia + what is the 4 stages

A

streptococcus pneumonia

day 1-2 (congestion): blood vessels & alveoli start filling w excess fluid

day 3-4 (red hepatization): exudates (containing RBC, neutrophils & fibrins) start filling up the airspace & making them more solid

day 5-6 (grey hepatization): lobe is still solid, but RBC in exudates are broken down (hence grey)

day 8, last for 3 weeks (resolution): exudates are digested by enzymes, ingested by macrophages or cough out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

explain how does ventilator pneumonia occur

A

occur when biofilm (containing protein, sugar & bacteria) form on the surface of endotracheal tube

as patient is already weak and unable to cough, biofilm will move into the lung & cause pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

give 1 example of a virulent and resistant microbes in HAP

A

methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

list 6 risk factor of COPD

A
  1. asthma
  2. alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency
  3. chemical agents
  4. > 40 y/o
  5. smoking
  6. pollution eg. dust, silica
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is bronchopneumonia

A

infection of the bronchioles and alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why does pt sit in tripod position + 1 consequence

A

to promote positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), however this cause the use of accessory muscle, therefore making the patient more tired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how does chronic hypoxemia leads to cor pulmonale + what is 1 sign of corp pulmonale

A

it constrict the pulmonary blood vessel resulting in pulmonary HTN

this cause right side of heart to overwork, resulting in right sided HF (cor pulmonale)

1 symptoms: JVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

explain why nosocomial pneumonia are more serious

A

patient in hospital already have a weakened immune system, furthermore the microbes in hospital are virulent (great offense) and more resistant (great defence) to common atbx, where some of the bacteria are able to swap some of it atbx resistance gene w one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the difference between hypoxemia & hypoxia

A

hypoxemia - low o2 in blood
hypoxia - low o2 in tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is lobar pneumonia

A

infection of one/both lobar that results in complete consolidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the most common bacterial cause of community acquired pneumonia

A

streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

list 3 causes of aspiration pneumonia

A
  1. food
  2. drink
  3. gastric content (can cause chemical irritation on top of infection)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the range of PEFR

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the quickest way to measure airway obstruction during emergency situation

A

peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)

fastest & hardest the patient exhale after a full inhalation

17
Q

what is an ideal urine output rate

A

0.5-1.0mls/kg/hr

eg. 60kg = 30-60mls/hr

18
Q

how to perform PFT

A
  1. give pt bronchodilator
  2. FEV1/vital capacity (FVC) = <70% indicate airway limitation
19
Q

list 5 mechanical technique that expel microbes

A
  1. cough/sneezing
  2. mucociliary escalator
  3. mucociliary blanket (trap dirt/micro organism, sweeping mechanism)
  4. alveolar macrophages
  5. alveolar fluids
20
Q

list 4 long term management for COPD patient

A
  1. bronchodilator
  2. ICS
  3. supplemental o2
  4. diet adjustment (as pt use a lot of energy in breathing)
21
Q

list 3 bacteria that cause atypical or walking pnuemonia

A
  1. mycoplasma pneumoniae
  2. chlamydophila pneumoniae
  3. legionella pneumophila
22
Q

what is the pedal pulse range

A
23
Q

what is 3 way to detect lobar pneumonia

A
  1. dullness on percussion (due to consolidation)
  2. tactile vocal fremitus (feel more vibration from pt chest/back when they repeat certain phrase, as sound travel better in fluid filled space > air filled space)
  3. crackles
24
Q

what is the 2 catogeries of pneumonia

A
  1. hospital acquired pneumonia
  2. community acquired pneumonia
25
Q

which fungal increase the risk of pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals (opportunistic infection)

A

pneumocystis jirovechi

26
Q

what is 1 test to determine the criteria for admission in pneumonia

A

CURB-65

27
Q

list 2 pneumococcal vaccine

A
  • 23-valent pneumococcal polysacharride vaccine (PPSV23)
  • 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV13)
28
Q

what is the most common viral cause of pneumonia

A

influenza

29
Q

list 3 bacteria causing pneumonia

A
  1. streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. haemophilus influenzae
  3. staphylococcus aureus
30
Q

how is gas exchange in alveoli

A
  • o2 leave the air in alveoli & cross into the bloodstream
  • co2 leave the bloodstream & is then exhaled out of the body
31
Q

what should the room setting be for patient with TB

A

negative pressure isolation room

32
Q

what cause barrel chest in COPD patient

A

barrel chest occur when emphysema results in loss of elastic recoil, which collapse the airway during exhalation, trapping air & dilating the airspace

33
Q

what is the definition of pneumonia

A

infection of the lung parenchyma, resulting in consolidation and buildup of exudates in alveolar

34
Q

what should the spo2 be in COPD pt when on supplemental o2

A

88-92%

35
Q

what is capnography use for

A

to monitor PaCO2 in blood

normal range: 35-45

36
Q

what is atypical/interstitial pneumonia

A

infection of the interstitial space around the alveoli

37
Q

what is hypoxemia & hypercapnia

A

hypoxemia - low o2 in blood
hypercapnia - high co2 in blood

38
Q

which virus increase the risk of asthma in children

A

adenovirus

NUR1125 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions