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NUR1125 > OHGA (Pharm) > Flashcards

OHGA (Pharm) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between T1DM & T2DM

A

T1DM
- body does not produce insulin

T2DM
- body does not respond well to insulin

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2
Q

what is 1 drug from the p/c of thiazolidinediones (TZD)

A

“glitazone” eg. rosiglitazone

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3
Q

list one drug that belong to the p/c of sulfonylurea

A

tolbutamide “amide”

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4
Q

what is the pharmacokinetic of metformin

A

not bound to plasma protein

not metabolised & is excreted out by the kidney in its active compound

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5
Q

list 1 drug example from the p/c of SGLT2 inhibitors

A

“gliflozin” eg. canagliflozin

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6
Q

what is the indication of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

A

T2DM
- mono therapy
- adjunct therapy w sulfonylurea/biguanide

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7
Q

what is the 2 contraindications of thiazolidinediones (TZD)

A
  1. liver disease
  2. HF
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8
Q

what is the MOA of GLP-1 receptor antagonist (insulin sparring agent)

A
  1. increase cellular glucose uptake by acting on B cells in pancreas to increase insulin release = decrease BSL
  2. decrease hepatic glucose output by acting on A cells in pancreas to suppressed glucagon release, which suppressed glucose production in liver = decrease BSL
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9
Q

what is the MOA of acarbose

A

slow down digestion & absorption of carbs by preventing the conversion of polysaccharides to monosaccharides

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10
Q

what is the MOA of sulfonylurea

A

it binds to kATP to prevent k+ from flowing out, this increase insulin release from pancreatic B cells & decrease serum glucagon concentration

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11
Q

which p/c is a insulin sensitiser

A

biguanide

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12
Q

list 3 a/e of acarbose

A
  1. elevated liver enzymes
  2. flatulence
  3. diarrhea
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13
Q

what is the indication for sulfonylurea

A

T2DM

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14
Q

list 6 symptoms of hyperglycaemia

A
  1. polyuria
  2. polydipsia
  3. polyphagia
  4. weight loss
  5. tired
  6. poor vision
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15
Q

list 3 a/e of thiazolidinediones (TZD)

A
  1. hypoglycaemia (increase risk if use w sulfonylurea/insulin)
  2. hepatotoxicity
  3. fluid retention -> weight gain
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16
Q

list 5 adverse effect of tolbutamide

A
  1. hypoglycaemia
  2. GI disturbance
  3. weight gain
  4. allergic skin rash > bone marrow damage
  5. increase risk of CV death
17
Q

list one drug from the p/c of biguanide

A

metformin

18
Q

list 1 drug from the p/c of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

A

acarbose

19
Q

what is the MOA of DPP-4 inhibitors

A

inhibit DPP-4 to prevent the inactivation of GLP-1

20
Q

what is the 2 a/e of metformin

A
  1. GI disturbance e.g nausea/vomiting, diarrhoea
  2. reduce vit b12 absorption
21
Q

what is the MOA of metformin

A
  • increase insulin sensitivity by increase insulin receptor density
  • promote glucose breakdown in tissue, resulting in reduce glucose synthesis in liver & renal
  • reduce glucose absorption in GI tract
  • reduce plasma glucagon level
22
Q

what is the 2 indication for biguanide

A
  1. T2DM
  2. insulin resistance syndrome
23
Q

list 1 drug example from the p/c of GLP-1 receptor antagonist (insulin sparring agent)

A

“glutide” eg. liraglutide

24
Q

what is the indication of thiazolidinediones (TZD)

A

T2DM

25
Q

what is the pharmacokinetic of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

A

adms. medication prior to meal

acarbose blunt the rise of post prandial (post-meal) BSL, resulting in lesser insulin secretory response

26
Q

what is the 2 indication of SGLT2 inhibitors

A
  1. T2DM
  2. diabetic pt w CV disease eg. CHF
27
Q

what is hyperglycaemia (range)

A
  • fasting glucose >7 (n = <6)
  • plasma glucose >11.1 2hrs after meal (n = 7.8)
28
Q

list 4 contraindiaction of biguanide

A
  1. renal disease
  2. hepatic disease
  3. condition that predispose to tissue anoxia eg. sleep apnea
  4. alcohol
29
Q

what is the MOA of SGLT2 inhibitors

A

inhibit the reabsorption of glucose in kidney (renal tubule), this increase glucose excretion & lower blood glucose level

30
Q
A
31
Q

what is the MOA of thiazolidinediones (TZD)

A

it binds to PPAR-γ-RXR complex to increase insulin sensitivity

32
Q

list 1 drug example from the p/c of DPP-4 inhibitors

A

“gliptin” eg. sitagliptin

NUR1125 (10 decks)

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