Respi, Nelson + Misc Flashcards
- acute onset * bilateral pulmonary edema * no left arterial pressure elevation * pao2 to fio2 ratio of 201 to 300
Acute lung injury
ARDS has pao2 to fio2 ratio of ___
Less than or equal to 200
the most common cause of pneumothorax is ___
overinflation
what happens when there is an accumulation of air within the pleural space that is sufficient to elevated intra pleural pressure above the atmospheric lever
tension pneumothorax
patient with noted sudden onset dyspnea and cyanosis with hyper resonance and diminished breath sound on the affected side. the heart is displaced toward the unaffected side and the diaphragm is displaced downward. what is the diagnosis
pneumothorax
__ is signified by hyperlucency around the heart border and between the sternum
pneumomediastinum
Increase risk of asthma later in life
RSV infection
Reversible airway disease involving both small and large airways
Bronchial asthma
3 components of asthma attack
Bronchospasm, mucus production, airway edema
PFT is not routinely done in children ___ years old
Less than 5
This is the outcome of chronic inflammation in asthma
Airway remodelling
Most common chronic disease of childhood in industrialized cointries
Asthma
Prevalence of asthma among sexes
Pre-puberty - boys:girls = 3:1
Adolescence - boys=girls
Adult-onset - F>M
NSAID that can specifically aggravate asthma
Aspirin
Phase of respiration prolonged in an acute asthma exacerbation
Expiratory phase
This causes absence of classic wheezing in acute episodes of asthma
Poor air movement from airway obstruction
A PE finding in asthma whereby there is a decrease in BP of > 15 mmHg with inspiration
Pulsus paradoxus
Uses of spirometry
1) Monitor response to treatment 2) Assess degree of reversibility with therapy 3) Measure severity of exacerbation
Age at which children can perform spirometry procedures
5 y/o
7-year-old girl is well when she leaves for school, but arrives home afterwards with a sore throat and runny nose. Causative agent?
Rhinovirus
17-year-old sexually active adolescent has acute onset of fever, cough, conjunctivitis, and pharyngitis.
Adenovirus
MCC of common cold
Rhinovirus
Most frequent illness of childhood
Common cold
Most common medical reason to miss school
Common cold
Vest treatment for the common cold
Increase OFI
Most common chronic lung disease in children
Asthma
Most common cause of cough in school-age children
Asthma
Most important risk factor for development of asthma
Combination of RSV-related bronchiolitis and a genetic predisposition for atopic disease
Type of asthma: Immunologically mediated Develop in childhood
Extrinsic
Type of asthma: No identifiable cause , Late onset, Worsen with age
Intrinsic
Levels of asthma control, under 5
IMG
Asthma exacerbation, under 5
IMG
Asthma indications for referral to hospital
IMG
Asthma severity classification
IMG
Most important study in asthma
Spirometry
O2 is indicated for all asthmatics to keep O2 saturation > ___
95%
___ should not be used for acute asthma exacerbation.
Long-acting β2 agonist (salmeterol)
Condition in which a progressively worsening asthma attack is unresponsive to usual therapy
Status asthmaticus (Life-threatening form of asthma)
Pulsus paradoxus >20mmHg; Hypotension, tachycardia; Cyanosis; One- to two-word dyspnea; Lethargy; Agitation; Retractions; Silent chest (no wheezes—poor air exchange)
Status asthmaticus
Chest x-ray with fine, diffuse reticulogranular or “ground glass” pattern and air bronchograms
RDS
Complications of TREATMENT of RDS
1) Retrolental fibroplasia, which is retinal vessel proliferation 2) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (supplemental oxygen requirements beyond 28 days of life)
Risk factors for RDS
1) Poorly controlled maternal DM 2) Perinatal asphyxia 3) Antepartum hemorrhage 4) Multiple pregnancies 5) Male gender
Majority of childhood asthma develops ___ years old
Less than 3
