Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Monica Respiratory > Resp tract infection > Flashcards

Resp tract infection Flashcards

1
Q

conditions affecting upper resp tract

A

common cold - coryza
sore throat - pharyngitis
sinusitis
epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

conditions affecting lower resp tract

A

acute bronchitis
acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
pneumonia
influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

coryza

A

common cold

acute viral infection of nasal passages

symptoms can include
sore throat
mild fever

spread
droplets + fomites

complications
sinusitis
acute bronchitis

self limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

acute sinusitis

A

after common cold

purulent nasal discharge

treatment
viral aetiology
self limited
10 days = better

some
antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

diptheria

A

life threatening
toxin production
characteristic pseudo-membrane
not UK = vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

acute epiglottitis in children

A

life threatening due to obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

acute bronchitis

A

cold then to chest

clinical features
productive cough
fever
normal chest exam
normal chest X ray
transient wheeze
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

acute bronchitis treatment

A

self limiting = normally
antibiotics = not indicated
sign morbidity = patients with chronic lung disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

URTI incubation times

A 
rhiovirus 1-5 days
group A streptococci 1-5 days
influenza + parainfluenza viruses 1-4 days
RSV 7 days
Pertussi 7-21 days
Diptheroa 1-10 days
Eptsein Barr virus 4-6 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

acute COPD exacerbation

A

chronic sputum production
bronchoconstriction
airway inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

acute COPD clinical features

A 
preceded by upper resp tract infection
increased sputum production
increased sputum purulence
more wheezy
breathless
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

acute COPD on examinations

A 
resp distress
wheeze
coarse crackles
may be cyanosed
advanced disease = ankle oedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

acute COPD exacerbations primary care managemnent

A

antibiotic e.g. doxycylcline/ amoxicillin

bronchodilator inhalers

short course of steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

acute COPD exacerbations refer to hospital

A

resp failure evidence

acopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

acute COPD exacerbations hospital management

A

arterial blood gases
CXR - find other diseases
O2 - resp failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pneumonia symptoms

A 
malaise
anorexia
sweats
rigors
myalgia
arthralgia
headache
confusion
cough
pleurisy
haemoptysis
dyspnoea
preceding URTI
abdominal pain
diarrhoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pneumonia signs

A 
rigors
fever
herpes labialis
tachypnoea
crackles
rub
cyanosis
hypitension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pneumonia investigation

A 
blood culture
serology
arterial gases
full blood count
urea
liver function
chest X ray
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is CURB65

A

severity score for community acquired pneumonia

1 point given for each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does CURB65 stand for

A 
C new onset confusion
U urea>7
R resp rate >30/min
B B.P. systolic <90 Diastolic <61
65 age 65 years or older
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Other pneumonia severity markers - not CURB65

A

temp <35 or >40
cyanosis PaO2 <8 kPa
WBC < 4 or > 30
multi lobar involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Most common pneumonia

A

strep pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pets link to pneumonia

A

chlamydia psitacci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pneumonia that peaks every 4 years

A

mycoplasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

adult smokers + chicken pox

A

death from chicken pox pneumonia

varicella pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

community acquired pneumonia: management

A

antibiotics

  • amoxicillin
  • doxycycline

oxygen
-maintain SaO2 94-98% or 88-92%

fluids

bed rest

no smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

pneumonia complications

A

resp failure
pleural effusion
emphema
death

28
Q

pneumonia special cases

A

hospital acquired
-need extended gram negative cover

aspiration pneumonia
-need anaerobic cover

legionella

  • chest symptoms
  • may be minimal
  • GI disturbance = common
  • confusion = common
29
Q

Pneumonia Prevention

A

influenza + pneumococcal vaccines

  • over 65
  • chronic chest or cardiac disease
  • diabetes
  • immunocompromised e.g. splenectomy

influenza vaccine
-healthcare workers

30
Q

influenza clinical presentation

A 
fever - high, abrupt onset
malaise
myalgia
headache 
cough
prostration
31
Q

flu aetiology

classical flu

A

influenza A

influenza B

32
Q

flu aetiology

flu like illness

A

parainfluenza virus

33
Q

haemophilus influenza

A

bacterium

34
Q

haemophilus influenza not a primary cause of flu rather a

A

secondary invade

35
Q

flu trasmission

A

droplets/ direct contact resp secretions of someone with infection

36
Q

high risk flu transmission

A 
intubation
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
bronchoscopy
suregry + post mortem = high speed devices
dental procedures
non invasive ventilation
high frequency oscillatory ventilation
sputum induction
37
Q

flu complication

A

primary influenzal pneumonia (young adults)
secondary bacterial pneumonia (infants/elderly)
bronchitis
otitis media
influenza during pregnancy = perinatal mortality, prematurity, smaller neonatal size, lower birth weight

38
Q

fly therapy

A

symptomatic
-bed rest, fluids, paracetamol

antivirals

  • oesltamivir
  • xamivir

NICE guidelines

39
Q

flu epidemics

A

winter epidemics

minor mutation in surface proteins - antigenic drift

40
Q

flu pandemics

A 
rare
unpredictable
influenza A only
-antigenic shift
-segmented genome
-animal reservoir/ mixing vessel
41
Q

lab confirmation of influenza

A

direct detection of virus

PCR

  • nasopharyngeal swabs in virus transport medium
  • throat swabs in virus transport medium
42
Q

flu prevention

A

killed vaccine
-adults, health care workers, 6 months - 2 yrs
live attenuated vaccine
-2yrs - 17 - intra nassally

43
Q

anti virals after flu contact

A

rarely used

44
Q

most prevalent flu in winter

A

influenza

45
Q

most prevalent flu in summer

A

rhinovirus species A

46
Q

community acquired pneumonia causes

A

microbiological causes

  • mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • coxiella burnetii
  • chlamydia
47
Q

mycoplasma, coxiella + chlamydophilia psittaci cna be referred to as

A

atypical pneumonia

48
Q

mycoplasma, coxiella + chlamydophilia psittaci therapy

A

tetracycline + macrolides

49
Q

mycoplasma, coxiella + chlamydophilia psittaci mortality

A

normally lower than classical bacterial pneumonia

50
Q

mycoplasma, coxiella + chlamydophilia psittaci lab confirmation

A

serology

  • acute + convalescent bodies to lab
  • gold top vacutainer

virus detection

  • PCR on resp swabs/ secretions
  • gradually increasing
  • mycoplasma only in Tayside
51
Q

mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

community acquired = commonly
children + young adults
person to person
only uncommon pneumonia in UK

52
Q

coxiella burnetti (Q fever)

A

pneumonia
pyrexia of unknown origin

uncommon, sporadic zoonosis

sheep + goats

complications - culture negative endocarditis

53
Q

chlamydia + resp disease

A

chlamydia psittaci –> psittacosis

uncommon, sporadic zoonosis

usually presents as pneumonia

54
Q

bronchiolitis clinical presentation

A 
one or two yrs
fever
coryza
cough
wheeze
55
Q

bronchiolitis clinical presentation severe cases

A

grunting
low PaO2
intercostal/ sternal indrawing

56
Q

bronchiolitis

A

swelling in the smallest airways in the lungs, known as Bronchioles, obstructing them and making it more difficult for breathing

57
Q

bronchiolitis complications

A

resp + cardiac failure

  • prematurity
  • pre-exisiting resp or cardiac disease
58
Q

bronchiolitis cause

A

resp syncytial virus

59
Q

bronchiolitus lab confirmation

A

PCR on throat or pernsaal swabs

60
Q

bronchiolitis therapy

A

supportive

61
Q

bronchiolitis epidemiology

A 
every winter
very common
no vaccine
spread in hospitals
-cohort nursing
-handwashing, gowns, gloves
passive immunisation
-poor efficacy
62
Q

metapneumovirus

A

respiratory virus that causes an upper respiratory infection

63
Q

metapneumovirus epidemiology

A 
antibody positive by 5
2001 discovered 
not new
world-wide
highest = winter
64
Q

metapneumovirus lab confirmation

A

PCR

65
Q

chlamydia trachomatis

A

STI which can cause infantile pneumonia

66
Q

chlamydia trachomatis diagnosed by

A

PCR on mothers urine or pernasal

child throat swab

67
Q

chlamydophila pneumoniae

A

person to person
mid resp infection
may be picked up by Psitacossis test

Monica Respiratory (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions