Resp System Histology

Question 1

resp system functions

Answer 1

supply O2 to blood for delivery to cells throughout body

remove CO2 that has been accumulated in the blood from tissues of body

phonation

olfaction

lung function in B.P. control via renin-angiotension system

Question 2

air to lungs

Answer 2

series of conducting pathways

air enters nose/mouse - pharnynx + larynx - trachea - principal bronchi -
lungs - bronchus - smaller bronchi - bronchiles - alveolar sacs

Question 3

where does gas exchange occur

Answer 3

alveolar sacs

Question 4

nasal cavity roles

Answer 4

warming
moistening
filtering inspired air

Question 5

what does the root of the nasal cavity contain

Answer 5

olfactory epithelium

Question 6

epithelial lining

Answer 6

vestibule - keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
deeper - keratin = lost
deeper again = epithelium

Question 7

what lies under resp epithelium

Answer 7

lamina propia

band of loose connective tissue containing seromucous glands + thin walled venous sinuses

Question 8

thin walled venous sinuses can

Answer 8

quickly engorge with blood + block nose

Question 9

what is lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and why

Answer 9

oropharynx, anterior surface + upper part of posterior surface of epiglottis

oropharynx transmits both air + food

Question 10

walls of larynx make up

Answer 10

cartilage + muscles

resp epithelium lining its surface

Question 11

vocal cords + adjacent structures are covered with what

Answer 11

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 12

trachea is continuous with what

Answer 12

larynx

Question 13

trachea contains how many cartilages

Answer 13

15-20 C shaped cartialages

Question 14

opening of C shaped cartilage spanned by

Answer 14

fibroelastic tissue + smooth muscle

Question 15

trachea lining

Answer 15

respiratory epithelium
basal lamina
lamina propria
submucosa
seromuccous glands

Question 16

trachea divides into

Answer 16

2 main bronchi

Question 17

walls of bronchus made up od

Answer 17

resp epithelium
lamina propia
muscularis
= ring of smooth muscle + submucossa + adipose tissue + seromuccous glands

Question 18

bronchial tree

Answer 18

bronchi branch = smaller cartillage = more discontinuous = airway 1mm in diameter = bronchioles

Question 19

bronchioles

Answer 19

less than 1mm in diameter
lack cartilage
few goblet cells

Question 20

what is the lamina propria composed of

Answer 20

smooth muscle + elastic + collagen fibres

Question 21

terminal bronchioles

Answer 21

smallest bronchioles

lack resp function

Question 22

smooth muscle of bronchioles

Answer 22

respond to parasympathetic innervation
histamine
other factors

contracting + constricting bronchiole diameter

Question 23

smooth muscle of bronchioles plays a key role in what

Answer 23

asthma

allergic reaction

Question 24

terminal bronchioles are lined with

Answer 24

cuboidal ciliated epitheliu

Question 25

what do terminal bronchioles contain

Answer 25

non-ciliated club cells

Question 26

roles of club cells

Answer 26

stem cells
detoxification
immune modulation
surfactant production

Question 27

what interrupts continuity of resp bronchioles

Answer 27

alveoli

Question 28

conducting bronchioles

Answer 28

trachea - terminal bronchioles

no exchange of O2/CO2 with blood

Question 29

gas exchange occurs where

Answer 29

alveoli (honeycomb shape)

Question 30

alveoli are lined by

Answer 30

type 1 alveolar cells

type 2 alveolar cells

Question 31

type 1 alveolar cells

Answer 31

simple squamous epithelium
line alveolar surfaces
barrier of minimal thickness
permeable to gases

Question 32

type 2 alveolar cells

Answer 32

lamellar bodies contain surfactant
surfactant - spreads over pulmonary surface - reduce surface tension + air fluid interface
reduces - tendency for alveoli to collapse - end of expiration

Question 33

alveolar macrophages

Answer 33

free cells in septa or migrating over luminal surfaces

Question 34

septa between alveoli

Answer 34

permeated by capillary networks

Question 35

air-blood barrier

Answer 35

thin tissue

type 1 cell

Question 36

visceral pleur

Answer 36

multi-layered
outer layer = mesothelium = simple squamous epithelium

backed by = layers of fibrous + elastic connective tissue

between = pleural cavity = small amount of lubricating fluid