Pulmonary Neoplasia

Question 1

primary lung neoplasms can be

Answer 1

benign (rare)

malignant (very common)

Question 2

lung neoplasm = very common

Answer 2

metastatic

Question 3

components of tobacco smoke

Answer 3

polycyclic hydrocarbons
aromatic amine
phenols
nickel
cyanates

Question 4

risk factors other than smoking contributing to lung cancer

Answer 4

asbestos
nickel
chromates
radiation
atmospheric pollution
genetics

Question 5

Local effects of pulmonary neoplasia

Answer 5

obstruction of airway (pneumonia)
invasion of chest wall (pain)
ulceration (haemoptysis)

Question 6

metastases clinical presentation

Answer 6

nodes
bones
liver
brain

Question 7

systemic effects pulmonary neoplasia

Answer 7

weight loss

ectopic hormone produceion

Question 8

examples of ectopic hormone produce

Answer 8

pth (squamous cancer)

acth (small cell cancer)

Question 9

Classification of lung tumours

Answer 9

adenocarcinoma
aquamous carcinoma
small cell carcinoma
large cell carcinoma
neuroendocrine tumours
bronchial gland tumour

Question 10

reasons to classify cancer

Answer 10

prognosis
treatment
pathogenesis/biopsy
epidemiology

Question 11

survival time small cell

Answer 11

worst (almost all dead = year)

Question 12

large cell survival time

Answer 12

worse than squamous/ adenocarcinoma

Question 13

simplest classification of lung cancer

Answer 13

small cell lung cancer

non small cell lung cancer

Question 14

immunohistochemistry adenocarcinoma

Answer 14

TTF 1

thyroid transcription factor

Question 15

immunohistochemistry squamous carcinoma

Answer 15

nuclear antigen p63 + high molecular wt. cytokeratins

Question 16

PD-L1

Answer 16

binds to PD receptor on T lymphocytes inactivating cytotoxic immune response

targeted therapy = inhibit effect = enhance immune killing of tumour

Question 17

Pulmonary epithelium

Answer 17

bronchial (ciliated, mucose, neuroendocrine, reserve)

bronchioles/alveoli (clara cells, type 1 + 2 alveolar lining cells)

Question 18

Bronchial tumours

Answer 18

squamous metaplasia
dysplasia
carcinoma in sity
invasive malignancy

Question 19

peripheral adenocarcinomas

Answer 19

atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
spread of neoplastic cells along alveolar walls
invasive adenocarcinoma
more common

Question 20

prognostic indicators in lung cancer

Answer 20

tumour stage

tumour histological subtype

Question 21

carcinoid lung neoplasm

Answer 21

neruroendocrine neoplasm of low grade malignancy

Question 22

bronchial gland neoplasm

Answer 22

adenonid cystic carcinoma

mucoepidermoid carcinoma